Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science

Students trained in traditional exercise physiology have learned the basic concepts of energy but often don't fully understand human energy consumption at the molecular level. Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science, Fourth Edition, provides an introduction to biochemistry that will give readers greater insight into the molecular aspects of human physical activity. Reflecting the rapid development of the field, this classic text continues to present the essentials of biochemistry—molecular biology, basic chemistry, metabolism, and transcription regulation—in an easy-to-understand format. The fourth edition features the most recent research in exercise biochemistry plus new and revised content, including the following: • All-new coverage of the control of biochemistry and biochemical and muscular adaptations to exercise and training via signaling pathways, an area of study that has received much attention in recent years • Added information on the regulation of gene expression, which highlights the need for students to comprehend the basics of molecular biology • Next Stage sections in each chapter, which lead students toward emerging areas of knowledge in the field by examining new or controversial areas of research • An integration of the chapters on DNA, RNA, and the regulation of protein synthesis to provide a more focused and effective presentation of these key concepts Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science, Fourth Edition, combines information from nutrition, physiology, and biochemistry to provide a clear explanation of the working of metabolism and the human body's response to physical activity. Special elements throughout the text help to demystify this complex and dynamic field of study. Key points reinforce essential concepts and aid readers in relating them to sport and exercise. Chapter summaries outline important information to take away, and review questions with answers allow readers to test their knowledge of each chapter's content. A comprehensive glossary and the list of abbreviations found on the inside front and back covers help readers become familiar with commonly used biochemistry terms, and a reference list provides a starting point for exploring areas of interest in more detail. With its combination of essential topics, new findings, and future directions in research, Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science, Fourth Edition, is a perfect resource for anyone looking to build an understanding of exercise biochemistry. Both students and professionals alike will find the information they need to begin their exploration of this fascinating field of study.

Table of Contents:
Part I: Proteins and Enzymes: The Basis of Biochemistry Chapter 1: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Nature of Amino Acids Characteristics of Peptides Structure of Proteins Next Stage: Proteomics Summary Review Questions Chapter 2: Enzymes Enzymes as Catalysts Rates of Enzymatic Reactions Enzyme Cofactors Classification of Enzymes Protein Transporters Oxidations and Reductions Regulation of Enzyme Activity Measurement of Enzyme Activity Next Stage: Redox Regulation of the SERCA Pump in Vascular Physiology and Disease Summary Review Questions Chapter 3: Gene Transcription and Protein Synthesis DNA and RNA Transcription Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA Translation Posttranslational Processing of Polypeptides Protein Degradation Regulation of Gene Expression in Exercise and Training Next Stage: MicroRNAs and the Adaptive Response to Exercise Training Summary Review Questions Part II: Metabolism: Regulation and Adaptation to Exercise and Training Chapter 4: Energy Systems and Bioenergetics Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscle Energy-Rich Phosphates Energy Systems Bioenergetics Next Stage: Epigenetic Control of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Type and Metabolic Potential Summary Review Questions Chapter 5: Oxidative Phosphorylation Overview of Metabolism Mitochondria Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain Coupled Phosphorylation Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation Quantification of Redox Reactions Oxidants and Antioxidants Next Stage: Effects of Aging and Exercise Training on Muscle Mitochondria Summary Review Questions Chapter 6: Carbohydrate and Related Metabolism Carbohydrates Cellular Uptake of Glucose Phosphorylation of Glucose Glycolysis Glycogen Metabolism Lactate Metabolism Oxidation of Cytoplasmic NADH Gluconeogenesis Pentose Phosphate Pathway Signaling Pathways Next Stage: Carbohydrate, Exercise Performance, and Fatigue Summary Review Questions Chapter 7: Lipid Metabolism Types of Lipids Fat Storage and Metabolism Oxidation of Fatty Acids Oxidation of Ketone Bodies Synthesis of Fatty Acids Fat as Fuel for Exercise Metabolism During Exercise: Fat Versus Carbohydrate Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Tissue Cholesterol Next Stage: Exercise, 24-Hour Fat Oxidation, and Weight Loss Summary Review Questions Chapter 8: Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism Overview of Amino Acid Metabolism Degradation of Amino Acids Urea Cycle Fate of Amino Acid Carbon Skeletons Amino Acid Metabolism During Exercise Additional Roles for Amino Acids Next Stage: Effects of Diet and Exercise on Protein Degradation and Synthesis Summary Review Questions