The Journey to Separate but Equal: Madame Decuir's Quest for Racial Justice in the Reconstruction Era

In The Journey to Separate but Equal: Madame Decuir’s Quest for Racial Justice in the Reconstruction Era, Jack Beermann tells the story of how, in Hall v. Decuir, the post-Civil War US Supreme Court took its first step toward perpetuating the subjugation of the non-White population of the United States by actively preventing a Southern state from prohibiting segregation on a riverboat in the coasting trade on the Mississippi River. The Journey to Separate but Equal offers the first complete exploration of Hall v. Decuir, with an in-depth look at the case’s record; the lives of the parties, lawyers, and judges; and the case’s social context in 1870s Louisiana. The book centers around the remarkable story of Madame Josephine Decuir and the lawsuit she pursued because she had been illegally barred from the cabin reserved for White women on the Governor Allen riverboat.The drama of Madame Decuir’s fight against segregation’s denial of her dignity as a human and particularly as a woman enriches our understanding of the Reconstruction era, especially in Louisiana, including political and legal changes that occurred during that time and the plight of people of color who were freed from slavery but denied their dignity and rights as American citizens. Hall v. Decuir spanned the pivotal period of 1872–1878, during which White segregationist Democrats “redeemed” the South from Republican control. The Supreme Court’s ruling in Hall overturned the application of an 1869 Louisiana statute prohibiting racial segregation in Madame Decuir's case because of the status of the Mississippi River as a mode of interstate commerce. The decision represents a crucial precedent that established the legal groundwork for the entrenchment of Jim Crow in the law of the United States, leading directly to the Court's adoption of “separate but equal” in Plessy v. Ferguson.

Table of Contents:
Preface and Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Louisiana’s and the Decuir and Dubuclet Families 2. Madame Decuir Returns from France and Hires New Lawyers 3. Madame Decuir’s Journey and Reconstruction 4. Madame Decuir’s Suit against Captain Benson 5. Judge Collum Decides 6. The Louisiana Supreme Court Affirms 7. Captain Benson Takes His Case to the US Supreme Court 8. Louisiana (and the Entire South) Redeemed 9. The Supreme Court Decides 10. The Completion of the Law’s Journey to “Equal, but Separate” Epilogue Appendix: The Commerce Clause Notes Index

About the Author :
Jack M. Beermann is professor of law and Harry Elwood Warren Scholar, Boston University School of Law, and the author of numerous articles on the legal history of the civil rights era.

Review :
"Beermann puts his expertise to good use while also enriching the story with historical sources and context. He draws on historians’ work to discuss Reconstruction and the place of free people of color in Louisiana."—Journal of Southern History "Beermann’s skillful discussion of the DeCuir litigation provides important insights into the lawyers and jurists who played critical roles in the case."—Journal of Interdisciplinary History "This extensively researched volume should appeal not only to those interested in the judiciary and civil rights but also to anyone curious about life and culture in south Louisiana during the immediate post-Civil War Era."—Journal of Supreme Court History "Racism in the United States dismantled the Civil War’s legal achievements and built the world of continuing and expanding racialized segregation, deprivations, and indignities—but how did this come to pass? It took the particularly effective combination of White resentment, judicial activism, legal abstractions, and political backlash to strip free people of color of rights, wealth, and status as shown in this detailed yet vivid and accessible account by Jack Beermann. Thanks to this book, the little-remembered Supreme Court rejection of state antidiscrimination laws and the valiant but unsuccessful efforts of Josephine Decuir and her lawyers take their rightful place in the crucial reckoning with vigorous federal destruction of equal treatment in the United States. Read this book to understand how ‘technicalities’ of inheritance law practice, the ‘dormant Commerce Clause,’ and Southern transportation policies mixed with White status desires to block equal treatment laws and create the ‘separate but equal’ regime."—Martha Minow, 300th Anniversary University Professor and former dean of Harvard Law School, and author of In Brown’s Wake: Legacies of America’s Educational Landmark "It’s about time the much-neglected US Supreme Court ruling Hall v. Decuir (1878) received serious book-length attention, for this ‘long-forgotten’ decision is more than an ironic milestone on the road to Plessy. In Jack Beermann’s telling, it is no less a poignant turning point in the decisive marginalization of nineteenth-century Louisiana’s mixed-race community. We owe him a huge debt for wresting this maddeningly tragic story from history’s hidden shadows."—Lawrence N. Powell, professor emeritus of history, Tulane University, and author of The Accidental City: Improvising New Orleans