Slouch: Posture Panic in Modern America

The strange and surprising history of the so-called epidemic of bad posture in modern America - from eugenics and posture pageants to today's promoters of 'paleo posture.' In 1995, a scandal erupted when the New York Times revealed that the Smithsonian possessed a century's worth of nude "posture" photos of college students. In this riveting history, Beth Linker tells why these photos were only a small part of the incredible story of twentieth-century America's largely forgotten posture panic - a decades-long episode in which it was widely accepted as scientific fact that Americans were suffering from an epidemic of bad posture, with potentially catastrophic health consequences. Tracing the rise and fall of this socially manufactured epidemic, Slouch also tells how this period continues to feed today's widespread anxieties about posture. In the early twentieth century, the eugenics movement and fears of disability gave slouching a new scientific relevance. Bad posture came to be seen as an individual health threat, an affront to conventional race hierarchies, and a sign of American decline. What followed were massive efforts to measure, track, and prevent slouching and, later, back pain-campaigns that reached schools, workplaces, and beyond, from the creation of the American Posture League to posture pageants. The popularity of posture-enhancing products, such as girdles and lumbar supports, exploded, as did new fitness programs focused on postural muscles, such as Pilates and modern yoga. By 1970, student protests largely brought an end to school posture exams and photos, but many efforts to fight bad posture continued, despite a lack of scientific evidence. A compelling history that mixes seriousness and humor, Slouch is a unique and provocative account of the unexpected origins of our largely unquestioned ideas about bad posture.

About the Author :
Beth Linker a historian of medicine and disability and a former physical therapist. She is the Samuel H. Preston Endowed Term Professor in the Social Sciences in the Department of History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania. She is the author of War's Waste: Rehabilitation in World War I America, and her work has been featured in The New Yorker, the Boston Globe, and other publications.

Review :
"A Choice Outstanding Academic Title of the Year" "A Behavioral Scientist Notable Book of the Year" "A long history of anxiety about the proximity between human and bestial nature. . . . Linker traces the history of this concern: from the exchanges of nineteenth-century scientists, who first identified the possible ancestral causes of contemporary back pain, to the late-twentieth-century popularity of the Alexander Technique, Pilates, and hatha yoga. . . . She sees the ‘past and present worries concerning posture’ . . . [are] grounded in a mythology of human ancestry that posits the hunter-gatherer as an ideal from which we have fallen."---Rebecca Mead, The New Yorker "Astonishing."---Daniel Felsenthal, New Republic "Well-researched."---Belinda Lanks, Wall Street Journal "Slouch is a skillfully researched, engrossing account of a socially engineered epidemic that captured the public imagination for the better part of a century." "Linker has uncovered a decades-long international panic. . . . [She] expertly conveys just how embedded posture science once was—and how quickly it was forgotten."---Isabel Berwick, Financial Times  "Compelling. . . . [a] fascinating study."---Anna Katharina Schaffner, Times Literary Supplement "An engaging book on the science of posture. . . . [Linker] provides a sophisticated critique of identifying postural problems as an ‘epidemic,’ which engages modes of surveillance and control, often internalized by each generation. . . . Highly recommended." "[Slouch] offers insight into how persistent postural ableism harms disabled communities today and why posture continues to captivate modern research and retail. . . . Essential reading for all students and professionals whose work concerns bodies and health inequity."---Rajiv M. Sastry, Disability & Society "A useful addition to the larger scholarship on the social, cultural, and political implications of bodily standards. . . . [Slouch] reveals the normalization and standardization of bodily comportment that was central to the posture sciences from its origins to the present and interrogates the ableism and racism at its core."---Jennifer Kaufmann-Buhler, Technology & Culture "Fascinating."---Tim Horder, Oxford Magazine "Deeply researched and engagingly written. . . . This book is a must-read for scholars in the history of nineteenth and twentieth-century science, medicine, and disability."---Andrew J. Hogan, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences