The Idea of Greater Britain: Empire and the Future of World Order, 1860-1900

During the tumultuous closing decades of the nineteenth century, as the prospect of democracy loomed and as intensified global economic and strategic competition reshaped the political imagination, British thinkers grappled with the question of how best to organize the empire. Many found an answer to the anxieties of the age in the idea of Greater Britain, a union of the United Kingdom and its settler colonies in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and southern Africa. In The Idea of Greater Britain, Duncan Bell analyzes this fertile yet neglected debate, examining how a wide range of thinkers conceived of this vast "Anglo-Saxon" political community. Their proposals ranged from the fantastically ambitious--creating a globe-spanning nation-state--to the practical and mundane--reinforcing existing ties between the colonies and Britain. But all of these ideas were motivated by the disquiet generated by democracy, by challenges to British global supremacy, and by new possibilities for global cooperation and communication that anticipated today's globalization debates.Exploring attitudes toward the state, race, space, nationality, and empire, as well as highlighting the vital theoretical functions played by visions of Greece, Rome, and the United States, Bell illuminates important aspects of late-Victorian political thought and intellectual life.

Table of Contents:
Acknowledgments ix Abbreviations xi Chapter 1: Introduction: Building Greater Britain 1 The Boundaries of Imperial Discourse: Imagining Greater Britain 3 Greater Britain and Imperial Federation: Variations on a Theme 12 Empire and Ideology 20 Outline of the Book 25 Chapter 2: Global Competition and Democracy 31 Balances of Power: Global Threats and Imperial Responses 35 Democracy and the Moral Economy of Empire 40 Emigration and the Social Question 46 Radical Visions of Greater Britain 55 Chapter 3: Time, Space, Empire 63 "The Eternal Law": Empire and the Vicissitudes of Distance 66 Nature in Flux, c. 1830-1870 74 Imperial Political Thought in the Age of Scientific Utopianism, c. 1870-1900 81 Remaking the Global Political Imagination 89 Chapter 4: Empire, Nation, State 92 The Turn to Federalism 93 Statehood and Empire 98 J. R. Seeley and the "World-State" 108 Race and Nation 113 Chapter 5: The Politics of the Constitution 120 The Virtues of Vagueness 122 Imperial Patriotism and the Constitution 128 Civic Imperialism 137 J. A. Froude and the "Commonwealth of Oceana" 143 Chapter 6: The Apostle of Unity 150 The Love of Humanity: Toward a New "Political Religion" 152 The Political Theology of Nationalist Cosmopolitanism 158 The Darkening of an English Mind 164 On the Necessity of Imperial Federation 168 The Ambiguities of Unity: India and Ireland 171 Chapter 7: The Prophet of Righteousness 179 Colonial Emancipation and the "Glorious Future" of the Anglo-Saxon Race 181 Empire and Character 188 Religion and Liberty 193 India, Ireland, and the Necessity of Despotism 202 Chapter 8: From Ancient to Modern 207 The Functions of the Ancients 210 The End of Empire: Two Models 217 On Novelty 226 Back to the Future 229 Chapter 9: Envisioning America 231 The Model of the Future: America as Template 235 Size Matters: America as Competitor 238 Peace and Justice: The Benefits of Hegemony 247 Through a Glass, Darkly: America as Lesson 250 America, Empire, and Racial Unity 254 Chapter 10: Conclusion: Lineages of Greater Britain 260 Global Consciousness and the Imperial Imagination 260 Reverberations: Some Afterlives of Greater Britain 266 Select Bibliography 273 Index 313

About the Author :
Duncan Bell is a university lecturer in international relations at the Centre of International Studies, University of Cambridge, and a fellow of Christ's College. He is the editor of Memory, Trauma, and World Politics and Victorian Visions of Global Order.

Review :
Co-Winner of the 2007 Whitfield Prize "[A] highly intelligent and persuasive book... Bell has written what seems likely to be one of the field's definitive works."--Eliga H. Gould, International History Review "It is difficult to enumerate the qualities of this wonderful account of late Victorian political thought on state, Empire and much besides. Duncan Bell has given us a fresh and invigorating look at the political debate in the late 19th-century British Empire, but he has also given us plenty of food for thought about our own times. Perhaps the most intriguing thing about this book is the way that it strikes contemporary notes, without ever being a-historical in its content or approach."--Andrew Williams, Round Table "The Idea of Greater Britain is full of penetrating insights for those seeking to understand the nuances of Victorian notions of British Empire and how these quests relate to the future of world order."--Shih-Yu Chou, Political Studies Review "In a work of great subtlety and nuance he provides a fresh perspective on an important but neglected debate. In doing so he contributes signi?cantly not only to British imperial and domestic history but also to a deeper understanding of British political thinking in the late nineteenth century. It will be difficult in the future for historians of British political thought to ignore the imperial dimension."--John Kendle, American Historical Review "Bell's book, as a serious investigation of how...language was developed in the Victorian era, is a quietly powerful corrective."--Stephen Howe, Independent "Bell ... deserves our appreciation for taking the intellectual debate about imperial federation seriously and restoring it to its proper place in late Victorian political thought. His meticulous and engaging analysis offers a fresh perspective on some of the key questions confronting British thinkers in that era of change and uncertainty, questions concerning the territorial limits of the state, the contribution of technology to political integration, the role of race and ethnicity in allegiance to the nation, and the prospects for establishing global government. Some of those questions remain no less pertinent today than they did more than a century ago."--Dane Kennedy, Journal of Modern History "The Idea of Greater Britain is a major addition to the understanding of Victorian political thought. It will be an excellent source of information and analysis for IR and political theorists--especially those working on the history of international relations--and will be indispensable to historians of Victorian society and empire."--Alan Goldstone, European Legacy "In recent years scholars have become alert to the divergence of the academic discipline of international relations--however broadly conceived--from the history of political thought. Duncan Bell's assured and impressive monograph, which is derived from his PhD thesis, demonstrates the rich opportunities to be gained by bringing these two areas of enquiry into closer alignment."--Colin Kidd, History of Political Thought