Peasants under Siege: The Collectivization of Romanian Agriculture, 1949-1962

In 1949, Romania's fledgling communist regime unleashed a radical and brutal campaign to collectivize agriculture in this largely agrarian country, following the Soviet model. "Peasants under Siege" provides the first comprehensive look at the far-reaching social engineering process that ensued. Gail Kligman and Katherine Verdery examine how collectivization assaulted the very foundations of rural life, transforming village communities that were organized around kinship and status hierarchies into segments of large bureaucratic organizations, forged by the language of "class warfare" yet saturated with vindictive personal struggles. Collectivization not only overturned property relations, the authors argue, but was crucial in creating the Party-state that emerged, its mechanisms of rule, and the "new persons" that were its subjects. The book explores how ill-prepared cadres, themselves unconvinced of collectivization's promises, implemented technologies and pedagogies imported from the Soviet Union through actions that contributed to the excessive use of force, which Party leaders were often unable to control. In addition, the authors show how local responses to the Party's initiatives compelled the regime to modify its plans and negotiate outcomes. Drawing on archival documents, oral histories, and ethnographic data, "Peasants under Siege" sheds new light on collectivization in the Soviet era and on the complex tensions underlying and constraining political authority.

Table of Contents:
List of Illustrations ix List of Tables xi Preface xiii Acknowledgments xvii Abbreviations xxi Introduction 1 Part I. Laying the Groundwork Chapter 1. The Soviet Blueprint 49 Chapter 2. The Village Community and the Politics of Collectivization, 1945-62 88 Chapter 3. Creating Party Cadres 150 Part II. Pedagogies of Power: Technologies of Rural Transformation Chapter 4. Pedagogies of Knowledge Production and Contestation 215 Chapter 5. Pedagogies of Persuasion 283 Chapter 6. Fomenting Class War 324 Part III. Outcomes Chapter 7. The Collectives Are Formed 369 Chapter 8. The Restratification and Bureaucratization of Rural Life 408 Conclusion 444 Appendix I. Project and Participants 461 Appendix II. Methodology 464 Appendix III. List of Interviewers and Respondents 472 Bibliography 477 Index 499

About the Author :
Gail Kligman is professor of sociology and director of the Center for European and Eurasian Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. Katherine Verdery is the Julien J. Studley Faculty Scholar and Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at the City University of New York Graduate Center.

Review :
Winner of the 2012 Heldt Prize for Best Book by a Woman in any area of Slavic/Eastern European/Eurasian Studies, Association for Women in Slavic Studies Winner of the 2012 Davis Center Book Prize in Political and Social Studies, Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies Winner of the 2012 Barbara Jelavich Book Prize, The Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies Honorable Mention for the 2012 Wayne S. Vucinich Book Prize, The Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2012 Honorable Mention for the 2012 Barrington Moore Award, Comparative and Historical Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association Honorable Mention for the 2012 Distinguished Contribution to Scholarship Award, Political Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association "Two senior scholars have written a seminal work on the creation of collective agriculture in Romania... Methodologically sound, the analysis relies on, synthesizes, and draws upon the authors' own studies as well as those of 19 collaborators who studied villages and communes throughout Romania between 1998 and 2004... Their theoretical conceptualization, especially the dissection of property transformation as a cultural, social, and political process at the village level, places this among the best studies of state socialism as well as peasant resistance."--Choice "This book is the fruit of a ten-year project undertaken by two premier social anthropologists working with an international, interdisciplinary team of 19 scholars... The results, as the authors richly document, turned out to be far more convoluted, ironic, and layered than histories to this point have suggested. The bricks and mortar of their study are massive data they assembled, generated from multiple, diverse sources. But the book's depth results from its thoughtful reflections on the fundamental relationships among people, property, and the state. It offers a model of how histories of this period in Eastern Europe should treat the intricacies of cause and effect, authoritarian design and bureaucratic muddling, and political power and the power of tradition."--Foreign Affairs "Their book sets a high bar for future collectivization studies ... because of the book's innovative and effective approach... Kligman and Verdery are correct to restrict their understanding of this period to the representation of their interviewees' opinions and recollections as well as to their own learned interpretations of Romanian archives and collectivization scholarship. Their efforts result in a tremendous contribution to our knowledge of collectivization in the 20th century."--Russell Zanca, American Journal of Sociology "[T]hrough its treatment of pedagogies of persuasion, exploration of cadre identities and practices, systematic analysis of the class struggle campaign, and breadth of the data used, Peasants under Siege stands as an important contribution to the analysis of socialism and collectivization in Romania, as well as throughout the former east Europe."--David A. Kideckel, Slavic Review