The Struggle for Power in Early Modern Europe: Religious Conflict, Dynastic Empires, and International Change(Princeton Studies in International History and Politics)

Scholars have long argued over whether the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, which ended more than a century of religious conflict arising from the Protestant Reformations, inaugurated the modern sovereign-state system. But they largely ignore a more fundamental question: why did the emergence of new forms of religious heterodoxy during the Reformations spark such violent upheaval and nearly topple the old political order? In this book, Daniel Nexon demonstrates that the answer lies in understanding how the mobilization of transnational religious movements intersects with - and can destabilize - imperial forms of rule. Taking a fresh look at the pivotal events of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries - including the Schmalkaldic War, the Dutch Revolt, and the Thirty Years' War - Nexon argues that early modern 'composite' political communities had more in common with empires than with modern states, and introduces a theory of imperial dynamics that explains how religious movements altered Europe's balance of power. He shows how the Reformations gave rise to crosscutting religious networks that undermined the ability of early modern European rulers to divide and contain local resistance to their authority. In doing so, the Reformations produced a series of crises in the European order and crippled the Habsburg bid for hegemony. Nexon's account of these processes provides a theoretical and analytic framework that not only challenges the way international-relations scholars think about state formation and international change, but enables us to better understand global politics today.

Table of Contents:
List of Figures and Tables ix Preface xi CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2: Theorizing International Change 20 CHAPTER 3: The Dynastic-Imperial Pathway 67 CHAPTER 4: Religious Contention and the Dynamics of Composite States 99 CHAPTER 5: The Rise and Decline of Charles of Habsburg 135 CHAPTER 6: The Dynamics of Spanish Hegemony in the Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries 185 CHAPTER 7: The French Wars of Religion 235 CHAPTER 8: Westphalia Reframed 265 CHAPTER 9: Looking Forward, Looking Back 289 References 301 Index 333

About the Author :
Daniel H. Nexon is assistant professor of government and foreign service at Georgetown University.

Review :
Scholars often debate the future of modern system of nation-states, but rarely do they study its origins. This groundbreaking book provides a sweeping reinterpretation of the religious and geopolitical conflicts of the seventeenth century, culminating in the emergence of the European state system. -- Foreign Affairs As a historian of early modern France it is refreshing to venture into a scholarly domain that comfortably pursues large-scale political analysis. It is equally refreshing to find someone trained in international relations who takes religion seriously as an independent, and powerful, political dynamic. Daniel Nexon's ambitious reexamination of early modern state formations does just that... [T]his is a highly satisfying and stimulating rethinking of the political significance of the Reformation. -- Megan Armstrong, Renaissance Quarterly Daniel H. Nexon analyzes this relationship between religion and violence from the perspective of modern political science. His arguments are clearly stated and thought-provoking... Nexon's analysis displays a sure sense of what made early modern Europe distinctive and gives due regard to contingency as well as structural factors. More importantly, his theoretical framework offers an interesting way to integrate religious and secular factors in an analysis of international change and to explore this in comparative perspective. -- Peter H. Wilson, Journal of Early Modern History A stimulating, dense, and highly readable book. -- Stephen Deets, Nationalities Papers [C]hallenging ideas appear throughout this valuable and impressive work, which will surely spark a great deal of discussion among scholars of early modern politics and international relations. -- Tryntje Helfferich, Journal of Interdisciplinary History