About the Book
In the 1880s, fashionable Londoners left their elegant homes and clubs in Mayfair and Belgravia and crowded into omnibuses bound for midnight tours of the slums of East London. A new word burst into popular usage to describe these descents into the precincts of poverty to see how the poor lived: slumming. In this captivating book, Seth Koven paints a vivid portrait of the practitioners of slumming and their world: who they were, why they went, what they claimed to have found, how it changed them, and how slumming, in turn, powerfully shaped both Victorian and twentieth-century understandings of poverty and social welfare, gender relations, and sexuality. The slums of late-Victorian London became synonymous with all that was wrong with industrial capitalist society. But for philanthropic men and women eager to free themselves from the starched conventions of bourgeois respectability and domesticity, slums were also places of personal liberation and experimentation.Slumming allowed them to act on their irresistible "attraction of repulsion" for the poor and permitted them, with society's approval, to get dirty and express their own "dirty" desires for intimacy with slum dwellers and, sometimes, with one another.Slumming elucidates the histories of a wide range of preoccupations about poverty and urban life, altruism and sexuality that remain central in Anglo-American culture, including the ethics of undercover investigative reporting, the connections between cross-class sympathy and same-sex desire, and the intermingling of the wish to rescue the poor with the impulse to eroticize and sexually exploit them. By revealing the extent to which politics and erotics, social and sexual categories overflowed their boundaries and transformed one another, Koven recaptures the ethical dilemmas that men and women confronted--and continue to confront--in trying to "love thy neighbor as thyself."
Table of Contents:
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xv INTRODUCTION Slumming: Eros and Altruism in Victorian London 1 Slumming Defined 6 Who Went Slumming? Sources and Social Categories 10 Eros and Altruism: James Hinton and the Hintonians 14 PART ONE: INCOGNITOS, FICTIONS, AND CROSS-CLASS MASQUERADES 23 CHAPTER ONE Workhouse Nights: Homelessness, Homosexuality, and Cross-Class Masquerades 25 James Greenwood and London in 1866 31 Reading "A Night in a Workhouse" 36 Responses to "A Night in a Workhouse" 46 Homelessness as Homosexuality: Sexology, Social Policy, and the 1898 Vagrancy Act 70 Postscript: Legacies of "A Night" on Representations of the Homeless Poor 74 CHAPTER TWO Dr. Barnardo's Artistic Fictions: Photography, Sexuality, and the Ragged Child 88 Facts, Fictions, and Epistemologies of Welfare 94 "The Very Wicked Woman" and "Sodomany" in Dr. Barnardo's Boys' Home 103 Representing the Ragged Child 112 Joseph Merrick and the Monstrosity of Poverty 124 Conclusion 129 CHAPTER THREE The American Girl in London: Gender, Journalism, and Social Investigation in the Late Victorian Metropolis 140 Journalism as Autobiography, Autobiography as Fiction 142 Gender and Journalism 151 An "American Girl" Impersonating London's Laboring Women 155 Conclusion 177 PART TWO: CROSS-CLASS SISTERHOOD AND BROTHERHOOD IN THE SLUMS 181 CHAPTER FOUR The Politics and Erotics of Dirt: Cross-Class Sisterhood in the Slums 183 Cross-Class Sisterhood and the Politics of Dirt 184 "There will be something the matter with the ladies" 198 "Nasty Books": Dirty Bodies, Dirty Desires in Women's Slum Novels 204 Conclusion: "White Gloves" and "Dirty Hoxton Pennies" 222 CHAPTER FIVE The "New Man" in the Slums: Religion, Masculinity, and the Men's Settlement House Movement 228 The Sources of "Brotherhood" in late Victorian England 231 "Modern Monasteries," "Philanthropic Brotherhoods," and the Origins of the Settlement House Movement 236 Religion and Codes of Masculinity 248 "True hermaphrodites realised at last": Sexing the Male Settlement Movement 259 A Door Unlocked: The Politics of Brotherly Love in the Slums 276 CONCLUSION 282 MANUSCRIPT SOURCES 289 NOTES 293 INDEX 379
About the Author :
Seth Koven is Associate Professor of History at Rutgers University and co-editor of Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States. He has written on a variety of topics, including gender and welfare states, museum politics, sexual politics, and social reform, disability, and child welfare.
Review :
Winner of the 2004 Sonya Rudikoff Book Award, Northeast Victorian Studies Association "A bountiful, provocative, and piquant 'genealogy of benevolence and social welfare,' with more than enough sex to frighten the horses."--John Leonard, Harper's Magazine "Koven's study is undoubtedly one of the most important new contributions to the study of the Victorian city... It is, after all, a testimony to the provocactive brilliance of this book that the reader is left with not just answers to class and gender relations in Victorian London, but with new questions."--Lynda Nead, American Historical Review "A significant study ... that illuminates the complicated relationships between London's rich and poor from the mid-1800s to the start of World War I... [A] thoughtful, cogent, and copiously referenced work."--Library Journal "Given the constant stream of works on Victorian Britain, one sometimes feels that a moratorium is due. But occasionally a book comes along that makes one realize the exciting work that can still be done on that era. Seth Koven's Slumming is such a book, combining empirical richness with stimulating theoretical analysis and opening up questions for further research."--Lesley Hall, Times Higher Education Supplement "We tend to think of Victorian haves regarding the have-nots--when they thought of them at all--as another species whose sinful idleness accounted for their place below the bottom rung of the ladder. Slumming shows us how infinitely more complex and varied the response actually was... [T]he world [Koven] uncovers and its astonishing gallery of characters deserve the attention of a wider readership... How the rich nations treat both the third world and the claims of their own poor is an issue that is very much with us. Koven has done a great service to this continuing debate by charting how the Victorians met--and didn't meet--the challenge to their conscience."--Desmond Ryan, The Philadelphia Inquirerer "Slumming is a provocative, insightful study of one set of contradictions embedded in the ideology underlying Victorian middle- and upper-class relationships with the poor... Seth Koven has written more than a fine contribution to the historiography of Victorian poverty: this is a book that makes one think, about the present as well as the past."--Deborah Gorham, Labour/Le Travail "With assurance and grace, Slumming synthesizes the methods, topics, and insights of urban studies, gender history, queer studies, media analysis, and social history... Slumming does an exemplary job of integrating men and women into a single historical framework."--Sharon Marcus, Victorian Studies "Koven analyzes complex dynamics with non-judgmental subtlety. This fine-tuned approach allows Koven to dissect the uneven power dynamics of slumming a settlement work in a more nuanced fashion than many before him."--Matt Cook, History Workshop Journal "Slumming is a well-written and -researched book that will be of great use to scholars in history, literature, women's studies, and gay studies. Koven is a gifted writer and has used newspapers, novels, institutional records and newsletters, and several pictures and artworks to make his case. It is also a beautifully produced book, though the absence of a bibliography, particularly in such a thoroughly researched study, is frustrating. Still, Slumming will stimulate historical and literary work for many years; it asks important questions and gives fascinating answers."--Ginger Frost, H-Net "Slumming is a highly readable and important reassessment of the late Victorian phenomenon of visiting and experiencing the poverty of the East End first-hand... Despite the book's heavily theoretical base, Koven's prose races along, imparting a page-turning quality in places. Koven is excellent at exploring the little-known corners of the world of the 'slummers.'"--Antony Taylor, H-Net Reviews
