A Mirror in the Roadway: Literature and the Real World

About the Book

In a famous passage in The Red and the Black, the French writer Stendhal described the novel as a mirror being carried along a roadway. In the twentieth century this was derided as a naive notion of realism. Instead, modern writers experimented with creative forms of invention and dislocation. Deconstructive theorists went even further, questioning whether literature had any real reference to a world outside its own language, while traditional historians challenged whether novels gave a trustworthy representation of history and society. In this book, Morris Dickstein reinterprets Stendhal's metaphor and tracks the different worlds of a wide array of twentieth-century writers, from realists like Dreiser, Sinclair Lewis, Edith Wharton, and Willa Cather, through modernists like Kafka and Beckett, to wildly inventive postwar writers like Saul Bellow, Gunter Grass, Mary McCarthy, George Orwell, Philip Roth, and Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Dickstein argues that fiction will always yield rich insight into its subject and that literature can also be a form of historical understanding. Writers refract the world through their forms and sensibilities. He shows how the work of these writers recaptures - yet also transforms - the life around them, the world inside them, and the universe of language and feeling they share with their readers. Through lively and incisive essays directed to general readers as well as students of literature, Dickstein redefines the literary landscape - a landscape in which reading has for decades been devalued by society and distorted by theory. Having begun with a reconsideration of realism, the book concludes with several essays probing the strengths and limitations of a historical approach to literature and criticism.

Table of Contents:
Preface ix Acknowledgments xvii Introduction: A Mirror in the Roadway 1 American Realism: The Sense of Time and Place The City as Text: New York and the American Writer 17 The Second City (Chicago Writers) 36 Upton Sinclair and the Urban Jungle 41 A Radical Comedian (Sinclair Lewis) 51 The Magic of Contradictions: Willa Cather's Lost Lady 60 A Different World: From Realism to Modernism The Authority of Failure (F. Scott Fitzgerald) 77 Edmund Wilson: Three Phases 89 A Glint of Malice (Mary McCarthy) 96 Silence, Exile, Cunning 104 The Modern Writer as Exile 104 An Outsider in His Own Life (Samuel Beckett) 115 Kafka in Love 119 Hope against Hope: Orwell and the Future 126 Magical Realism 137 The Pornography of Power (Gabriel Garcia Marquez) 137 A Fishy Tale (Gunter Grass) 140 Talking Dogs and Pioneers (S. Y. Agnon) 144 Postwar Fiction in Context: Genealogies Sea Change: Celine in America 153 The Complex Fate of the Jewish American Writer 168 The Face in the Mirror: The Eclipse of Distance in Contemporary Fiction 184 Ordinary People: Carver, Ford, and Blue-Collar Realism 199 Textures of Memory 209 Late Bellow: Thinking About the Dead 209 Saints and Sinners: William Kennedy's Albany Cycle 214 Reading and History Damaged Literacy: The Decay of Reading 223 Finding the Right Words (Irving Howe) 234 The Social Uses of Fiction (Martha Nussbaum) 243 The Limits of Historicism: Literary Theory and Historical Understanding 248 Sources 259 Index 271

About the Author :
Morris Dickstein is Distinguished Professor of English at the City University of New York Graduate Center and a widely published literary and cultural critic. His work has appeared in the "New York Times Book Review", the "Times Literary Supplement", "Partisan Review", "The Nation", and the "Chronicle of Higher Education". His books include "Gates of Eden: American culture in the 1960's", nominated for a National Book Critics Circle Award in criticism, and "Leopards in the Temple", a study of postwar American fiction.

Review :
Dickstein paints in broad strokes, providing brief biographical portraits of a diverse group of writers and their cultural moments. The essays on Bellow and Fitzgerald are especially fine... The ability of the imagination to constitute an interpretable but nevertheless real world is, for Dickstein, the core of literary work. The New Yorker Moving from Melville to Bellow, from Wharton to Roth, Dickstein follows the novel's progress and the trends of literary theory to show that every period produces a literature that reflects something essential about the age. -- Ron Charles Washington Post Book World A firm traditionalist, Dickstein takes issue with deconstructive theorists, who see literature as a separate, self-referential world of language, and with new historicists who deny fiction its integrity by grounding it too stubbornly in a social context that may not be relevant to the writer's purposes...The best pieces engage in a quirky and personal way with their subjects. -- Madeleine Minson Times Higher Education Supplement Beginning with how American writers like Whitman, Melville, Wharton, Ellison and Bellow variously depicted life in New York City, literary critic Dickstein examines an array of authors in relation to their historical moments and explores the significance of how they represented their worlds... [He] makes a case for the social awareness of F. Scott Fitzgerald's late, Depression-era writing, and reflects on the notion of alienation, and on the enigmatic sensibilities of Kafka and Beckett. Publishers Weekly Blending cultural history and literary biography with the barest traces of memoir, Dickstein has produced in his newest essay collection that rarest of species of literary criticism: one as genial to the general reader as to the academic. Library Journal Twenty illuminating essays ... on literature's elusive, prophetic interpretations of a changing American society... A fine, accessible collection. Kirkus Reviews If Mr. Dickstein were a less intelligent critic, his book might be more aggressively polemical. As it is, what he offers is ... a series of thoughtful studies. The book makes one envy Mr. Dickstein's students who get to be introduced to these writers ... by a critic of such warm and varied sympathies. And even an experienced reader will make some new acquaintance in these pages. -- Adam Kirsch The New York Sun [An] admirable new collection of critical essays... [E]very page in the volume displays curiosity, incision and surprise. n Stavans," Forward A particular strength of this volume is its deft combination of historical and formal reading practices; Dickinson brings together literature's social and aesthetic registers to produce insightful discussion of canonical authors... A strong contribution to American literary criticism. Choice Good news is at hand, and Morris Dickstein's new book is an example of it. He actually enjoys talking with us about literature, here mainly the novel. -- Jeffrey Hart National Review Dickstein wants to show that the real world counts, and suffuses fictions... Weve learned ... to see Stendhal better and to regard novels not so much as mirrors but as "prisms" with many facets that refract and refresh the world we know. -- Jay Martin Antioch Review