The Limits of Convergence: Globalization and Organizational Change in Argentina, South Korea, and Spain

This book challenges the widely accepted notion that globalization encourages economic convergence--and, by extension, cultural homogenization--across national borders. A systematic comparison of organizational change in Argentina, South Korea, and Spain since 1950 finds that global competition forces countries to exploit their distinctive strengths, resulting in unique development trajectories. Analyzing the social, political, and economic conditions underpinning the rise of various organizational forms, Guillen shows that business groups, small enterprises, and foreign multinationals play different economic roles depending on a country's path to development. Business groups thrive when there is foreign-trade and investment protectionism and are best suited to undertake large-scale, capital-intensive activities such as automobile assembly and construction. Their growth and diversification come at the expense of smaller firms and foreign multinationals. In contrast, small and medium enterprises are best fitted to compete in knowledge-intensive activities such as component manufacturing and branded consumer goods. They prosper in the absence of restrictions on export-oriented multinationals. The book ends on an optimistic note by presenting evidence that it is possible--though not easy--for countries to break through the glass ceiling separating poor from rich. It concludes that globalization encourages economic diversity and that democracy is the form of government best suited to deal with globalization's contingencies. Against those who contend that the transition to markets must come before the transition to ballots, Guillen argues that democratization can and should precede economic modernization. This is applied economic sociology at its best--broad, topical, full of interesting political implications, and critical of the conventional wisdom.

Table of Contents:
List of Illustrations ix List of Tables x Preface xi A Note on Sources xv ONE: Organizations, Globalization, and Development 3 PART 1: Development and Organizational Change 25 TWO: Three Paths to Development, Three Responses to Globalization 27 THREE: The Rise and Fall of the Business Groups 59 FOUR: The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises 95 FIVE: Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor 123 PART II: Organizational Change and Performance 157 SIX: Developing Industry: Automobile and Component Manufacturing 159 SEVEN: Developing Services: Banking as an Industry in Its Own Right 183 EIGHT: On Globalization, Convergence, and Diversity 213 APPENDIX: Data and Sources 235 References 243 Index 275

About the Author :
Mauro F. Guillen is Associate Professor of Management and of Sociology at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. A former Guggenheim Fellow, he is the author of "Models of Management: Work, Authority, and Organization in a Comparative Perspective" and the coauthor of "The AIDS Disaster".

Review :
"This book offers a sophisticated and lively analysis of three well-researched and important cases of distinctive political economies. It is a valuable contribution to the debate about the impact of globalization on national trajectories and the varieties of capitalism in the modern world."--Anthony W. Pereira, Political Science Quarterly "A very ambitious study, striding across a number of disciplines... This is a groundbreaking contribution to the study of business organization and economic development."--International Affairs "This is an important book: theoretically nuanced, comparative in the best sense, and empirically rich."--Stephen Haggard, American Journal of Sociology "The strength of this book is its comparative and historical approach to the study of organizational and institutional change... [A]n informative work and a valuable contribution to the literatures on these countries and to debates about globalization generally."--Robert K. Schaeffer, Social Forces