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Kepler's Philosophy and the New Astronomy

Kepler's Philosophy and the New Astronomy


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About the Book

Johannes Kepler contributed importantly to every field he addressed. He changed the face of astronomy by abandoning principles that had been in place for two millennia, made important discoveries in optics and mathematics, and was an uncommonly good philosopher. Generally, however, Kepler's philosophical ideas have been dismissed as irrelevant and even detrimental to his legacy of scientific accomplishment. Here, Rhonda Martens offers the first extended study of Kepler's philosophical views and shows how those views helped him construct and justify the new astronomy. Martens notes that since Kepler became a Copernican before any empirical evidence supported Copernicus over the entrenched Ptolemaic system, his initial reasons for preferring Copernicanism were not telescope observations but rather methodological and metaphysical commitments. Further, she shows that Kepler's metaphysics supported the strikingly modern view of astronomical method that led him to discover the three laws of planetary motion and to wed physics and astronomy--a key development in the scientific revolution.By tracing the evolution of Kepler's thought in his astronomical, metaphysical, and epistemological works, Martens explores the complex interplay between changes in his philosophical views and the status of his astronomical discoveries. She shows how Kepler's philosophy paved the way for the discovery of elliptical orbits and provided a defense of physical astronomy's methodological soundness. In doing so, Martens demonstrates how an empirical discipline was inspired and profoundly shaped by philosophical assumptions.

Table of Contents:
Figures and Tables ix Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations of Works Frequently Cited xiii Introduction 3 1. Kepler's Life and Times 10 Select Biography 10 Kepler's Astronomical Inheritance 18 Kepler's Philosopbical Inheritance 32 2. The Mysterium cosmographicum and Kepler's Early Approach to Natural Philosophy 39 The Content of the Mysterium cosmographicum 39 Kepler's Cosmology 48 Kepler's Approach to Natural Philosophy 49 3. Kepler's Apologia: An Early Modern Treatise on Realism 57 Extra-Astronomical Considerations 58 The Nature of Astronomical Hypotheses 60 The Testing of Astronomucal Hypotheses 63 Kepler's Improved Notion of Testability 64 Concluding Remarks: The Archetypes 67 4. Kepler's Archetypes and the Astronomia nova 69 The Status of Hypotheses in Physical Astronomy 70 The Replacement of the Mean by the True Sun 71 The Vicarious Hypothesis 76 The New Physics 79 Kepler's Second Law 84 Oval Orbits 87 Physical and Geometrical Models of Liberation 91 The Ellipse of Chapter 59 95 Concluding Remarks: Archetypes in the Astronomia 97 5. The Aristotelian Kepler 99 The Aristotelian Challenge 9O Physical Astronomy as a Mixed Discipline 103 The Mathematical and the Physical 106 Concluding Remarks 111 6. The Harmonice mundi 112 Kepler and Ptolemy 112 The Essence of Archetypal Mathematics 118 Synopsis of Book V 120 The Influence of Kepler's Haramonies on His Cosmology 136 7. The Epitome astronomiae Copernicanae: Kepler's Mature Physical Astronomy 142 The Nature of Astronomy and Observation 144 Archetypes as a Prerequisite for Physics 146 Book IV and the Archetypes 147 Book V 163 Concluding Remarks 167 Conclusion: The Fate of Kepler's Philosophical Thought 169 The Threat to the Perfectibility of Astronomy 169 Kepler's Philosophical Legacy 172 Notes 177 Bibliography 191 Index 199

About the Author :
Rhonda Martens is Assistant Professor of Philosophy at the University of Manitoba.

Review :
"Rhonda Martens shows in this historically informed tome that Kepler grappled constantly, and advantageously with philosophical problems throughout his career... The truly original contribution of [this book] is the tracing of Kepler's philosophical ideas as they weave through and strengthen his science."--Bruce Stephenson, Astronomy "This little book makes a big contribution not only to Kepler studies but to our understanding of early modern philosophy in general... Martens has effectively shown that to understand Kepler, to understand how he influenced his times, and to understand how his times grappled with the issues he and other innovators were dealing with, it is necessary to look closely at his philosophy."--Sheila J. Rabin, Isis "A valuable contribution to our understanding of Kepler... More broadly, Kepler's Philosophy increases our understanding of the significant role that philosophical questions played in the scientific debates of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries."--Kathryn Morris, Philosophy in Review


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780691050690
  • Publisher: Princeton University Press
  • Publisher Imprint: Princeton University Press
  • Height: 235 mm
  • No of Pages: 216
  • Weight: 517 gr
  • ISBN-10: 0691050694
  • Publisher Date: 29 Oct 2000
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: Y
  • Width: 152 mm


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