From Q to "Secret" Mark: A Composition History of the Earliest Narrative Theology

The literary complexity and the theological nuances of the "Gospel of Mark" did not spring from the evangelist's pen at a single sitting. The evangelist we call "Mark" composed segments of our present gospel for different situations, over an extended period of time, perhaps several decades, and that the present text reflects the mature, spiritual reflection on the nature of discipleship. In this provocative book, Humphrey challenges the traditional view that Mark was simply an editor drawing together different sources to put together his gospel. Humphrey first reviews the patristic witness to the gospel, pointing out the ambiguities and tensions between them. He gives particular emphasis to Clement of Alexandria, who specifically indicates that Mark wrote several different works. Humphrey then describes two major segments - really two different compositions - of Mark. It is clear, he argues, that there was a narrative version of the "Q" tradition, that collection of sayings that has been viewed as an oral tradition, as well as a "Passion Narrative" in Mark. A third stage of the composition of Mark occurs when Q and the Passion Narrative are blended and an emphasis upon discipleship is interwoven into the text. The deeper theological reflection reflected in this third development yielded what Mark called the "mystery of the Kingdom of God" (4:11) and what Clement of Alexandria calls Mark's "secret gospel." Humphrey focuses on distinguishing the narrative interests that disclose the ultimate righteous teacher of God's Kingdom (Son of God), the suffering Christ, and the lessons for discipleship. The "Gospel of Mark" results not from an editor working on unattested documents, but on the ever-maturing theological reflection of "Mark." Humphrey's study has two purposes. If theology is the process of bringing faith to expression, then that process is illustrated in the composition history of Mark's gospel. Each stage of composition expresses an aspect of the early Christian faith response to God's having raised Jesus from the dead. Second, this reconstruction of Mark's gospel serves to highlight the talent and depth and personality of its author as well as to point out that the handling of traditions about Jesus in this way provides a useful paradigm for the Church today.

Table of Contents:
Introduction   Chapter One: Revisiting the Fathers      I. The Witness of the Early Church Fathers   A. Papias   B. Clement of Alexandria   C. Recap of Papias and Clement   D. Conflicting Testimony?   1. Anti-Marcionite Prologue   2. Irenaeus   E. The Eyptian Connection   1. Eusebius   2. Jerome   3. Clement of Alexandria and the "Secret Gospel"   4. The Venetian Tradition  II. The (Patristic) History of the Composition of Mark Chapter Two: A Narrative Version of "Q"  I. Introduction   A. The Textual Parallels between Mark and Q   B. The Narrative Parallels between Mark and Q   C. A Distinctive Narrative Feature of Mark's Version of Q:   Jesus is the "Holy Son of God"   D. The Distinctive Vocabulary of QN   E. Summary of the Characteristic Features of QN in Mark   F. Preliminary Suggestions About the Provenance of QN  II. Mark's Narrative Version of Q  III. The Community Reflected by Mark's Narrative Version of Q Chapter Three: The Passion Narrative in Mark  I. Introduction   A. A Second Christology Reflected in Mark   B. The Characteristic Features of Mark 14:1 - 16:8   C. Secondary Materials in Mark 14:1 - 16:8  II. The Earlier Text of Mark 14:1 - 16:8  III. The Community Reflected by Mark's Earlier Passion Narrative   Chapter Four: Assimilation and a Focus on Discipleship  I. Putting Mark's Gospel Together  II. The Community Reflected by These Additions to the Text of Mark   Chapter Five: The Composition History of the Gospel of Mark  176  I. Introduction. The Gathering of the Pieces  II. The Explanatory Glosses. Creating our Present Text of the Gospel  III. A Reflection of "Mark, the Evangelist"   Table: Summarizing the Composition History of the Gospel of Mark  ---   Appendix 1: The Mark without Q Hypothesis   188   Appendix 2: Assessing the Quest for a Proto-Mark  196   Works Cited     205   Appendix 3: The Stages of the Composition of Mark illustrated 

About the Author :
Hugh M. Humphrey is Professor of Religious Studies at Fairfield University and is the author of "He Is Risen!": A New Reading of Mark's Gospel.

Review :
Reviewed in International Review of Biblical Studies, 2007. "Humphrey has minutely examined the text of Mark's Gospel and is familiar with the early Church Fathers' comments about Mark in a way most NT scholars are not. His novel thesis that Mark composed his Gospel in stages is one that every commentator on Mark in the future will have to take into account...Humphrey has provided a fascinating study of the origins of Mark's Gospel." - Leslie Robert Keylock, Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, September 2008 "Insightful studies of Mark in recent years have revealed the gospel author's storytelling prowess, leading some scholars to abandon the older search for gospel's sources and editing changes. But Humphrey dares to propose one author who wrote two separate stories of Jesus, then acted finally as his own editor to produce a coherent whole. No less daring is Humphrey's commendable willingness to take seriously the controversial account of a 'Secret Mark' known to Clement of Alexandria."--John Dart, news editor of the Christian Century, is author of Decoding Mark Mentioned. "Humphrey says Mark first compiled Peter's preaching of the Q material, expanding it into a narrative (chapters one to thirteen) portraying Jesus as the Son of God inspired by Wisdom, the eschatological Teacher. This he did while Peter was preaching in Rome. Later he narrated Peter's preaching of the cross, creating the Passion Narrative. It was "Pauline" in its Christology of a self-emptying Son of Man/Adam. This was on the eve of Claudius's expulsion of Jews from Rome. Taking both texts to Alexandria, Mark decided to unite the two texts, seeding each half with new materials recalling or foreshadowing the other, adding the theme of discipleship in a world not likely to end as soon as he had first expected... Markan specialists should be sure to read it." -Robert M. Price, Johnnie Colemon Theological Seminary mentioned.