About the Book
Widespread anti-Jewish pogroms accompanied the rebirth of Polish statehood out of World War I and Polish–Soviet War. William W. Hagen offers the pogroms' first scholarly account, revealing how they served as brutal stagings by ordinary people of scenarios dramatizing popular anti-Jewish fears and resentments. While scholarship on modern anti-Semitism has stressed its ideological inspiration ('print anti-Semitism'), this study shows that anti-Jewish violence by perpetrators among civilians and soldiers expressed magic-infused anxieties and longings for redemption from present threats and suffering ('folk anti-Semitism'). Illustrated with contemporary photographs and constructed from extensive, newly discovered archival sources from three continents, this is an innovative work in east European history. Using extensive first-person testimonies, it reveals gaps - but also correspondences - between popular attitudes and those of the political elite. The pogroms raged against the conscious will of new Poland's governors whilst Christians high and low sometimes sought, even successfully, to block them.
Table of Contents:
Introduction: culture and psychology of the Polish–Jewish relationship; Theoretical footnote: ethnic violence in social science and historiography; Part I. War, Hunger, Revolt: Galicia, 1914–1918: 1. Peacetime precursors, Russian invasion, and the first wartime pogroms, 1914–1916; 2. West Galicia's Jews, 1917–1918: objects of envy, targets of rage; 3. Polish dawn, Jewish midnight: the November 1918 Pogroms in West Galicia and Lwów; 4. Reading the November Pogroms: rage, shame, denial, denunciations; Part II. National Independence's After-Tremors: 5. Jews in Russian Poland, 1914–1919: German friends, Russian enemies, Polish rivals, Zionist prophets; 6. In National Freedom's morning light: disarray in Warsaw, social war in Galicia; Part III. Pogroms' Path Eastward, 1919–1920: 7. Soldierly antisemitism, Pinsk massacre, and Morgenthau's mission: pranks, exorcisms, explanations, exculpations; 8. On apocalypse's edge: army and Jews during the Polish–Soviet War, 1920; 9. In Armageddon's shadow: anti-Jewish violence in the Polish–Soviet War Zone, July-October 1920; 10. In Eastern anarchy's orbit: Polish soldiery among Cossacks and anti-Bolshevik Warlords; Conclusion: lords of commerce, lords of communism – print antisemitism, popular anti-Judaism; Bibliography; Index.
About the Author :
William W. Hagen is Professor Emeritus of History at the University of California, Davis. He has published extensively, including German History in Modern Times (2012), which was selected as an 'outstanding academic work' by the American Library Association's journal, Choice.
Review :
'No one writes with greater eloquence on East Central Europe's often confounding past than William W. Hagen, and this book on the pogroms that shook Poland after World War One demands all his formidable powers of analysis. His cool-headed yet urgently argued narrative opens inner worlds of forgotten perpetrators to historical reflection, and will be counted as a classic of the genre.' John Connelly, University of California, Berkeley
'Hagen deeply understands what most historians writing on the topic before him had neglected or overseen: the persistence of magical beliefs among the Polish peasantry and how they both mirrored and contributed to the violent decade after 1914. His book demonstrates how testimonies on violence can reveal the unconscious of a community. This is the dimension we needed to understand the uncounted brutal deeds against Jews in the Polish lands during wars and revolutions.' Tim Buchen, University of Edinburgh
'William W. Hagen has constructed a magisterial account of the ethno-national violence sweeping across the Polish lands during six tumultuous years of war and revolution. Rooted in understandings of participants' lived experience and cultural anxieties, Anti-Jewish Violence in Poland. 1914–1920 uses rich micro-level documentation to evoke the disparate worlds that Jews and Christians inhabited. Hagen's narrative is sure to become the definitive representation of these horrific events.' Keely Stauter-Halsted, Hejna Family Chair in the History of Poland, University of Illinois, Chicago
'William W. Hagen's interpretation of culturally and socially structured anti-Jewish violence on 'Polish' lands during and after the First World War represents a unique contribution to the historiography of modern Polish–Jewish relations by going beyond standard explanations of rational actors pursuing 'interests' based on ideological antisemitism.' Robert Blobaum, West Virginia University
'Along with religious and nationalist ideological anti-Semitism, Hagen explores peasants' mythical conceptions of Jews and peasant views of 'moral economy' in elucidating why many pogromists justified their violence. Hagen also documents instances of Gentile individuals of high moral fiber - from peasants and priests to aristocrats - who attempted to thwart pogroms and aided Jews. Rich in detail and subtle in analysis, this work deserves wide readership. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.' R. K. Byczkiewicz, Choice
'Massively documented and groundbreaking.' Michael Stanislawski, The Time Literary Supplement
'Hagen's impressively comprehensive work provides a provocative framework for interpreting the motivations and enactment of anti-Jewish violence around the First World War … His strict interpretative model is buttressed by thick descriptions that allow the reader to come to other possible conclusions, making this work a helpful starting point for any investigation of ethnic violence in wartime.' Winson Chu, Holocaust and Genocide Studies
'… elegant, exhaustively documented, and insightful … By rejecting the top-down interpretation and shifting our focus away from ideological antisemitism to that of the less articulate but no less powerful folk variant and to the sociocultural factors driving much of the anti-Jewish violence, Hagen offers an interpretation of pogroms that other scholars, whether they accept it or not, will have to address in their own work.' Jeffrey Kopstein, The American Historical Review
'… this impressively researched … a very important book about antisemitism and anti-Jewish violence in Poland.' Marsha L. Rozenblit, Austrian History Yearbook
