Evolution’s Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People

In this innovative celebration of diversity and affirmation of individuality in animals and humans, Joan Roughgarden challenges accepted wisdom about gender identity and sexual orientation. A distinguished evolutionary biologist, Roughgarden takes on the medical establishment, the Bible, social science - and even Darwin himself. She leads the reader through a fascinating discussion of diversity in gender and sexuality among fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals, including primates. "Evolution's Rainbow" explains how this diversity develops from the action of genes and hormones and how people come to differ from each other in all aspects of body and behavior. Roughgarden reconstructs primary science in light of feminist, gay, and transgender criticism and redefines our understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality. Witty, playful, and daring, this book will revolutionize our understanding of sexuality.Roughgarden argues that principal elements of Darwinian sexual selection theory are false and suggests a new theory that emphasizes social inclusion and control of access to resources and mating opportunity. She disputes a range of scientific and medical concepts, including Wilson's genetic determinism of behavior, evolutionary psychology, the existence of a gay gene, the role of parenting in determining gender identity, and Dawkins' 'selfish gene' as the driver of natural selection.She dares social science to respect the agency and rationality of diverse people; shows that many cultures across the world and throughout history accommodate people we label today as lesbian, gay, and transgendered; and calls on the Christian religion to acknowledge the Bible's many passages endorsing diversity in gender and sexuality. "Evolution's Rainbow" concludes with bold recommendations for improving education in biology, psychology, and medicine; for democratizing genetic engineering and medical practice; and for building a public monument to affirm diversity as one of our nation's defining principles.

Table of Contents:
Introduction: Diversity Denied PART ONE: ANIMAL RAINBOWS 1 Sex and Diversity 2 Sex versus Gender 3 Sex within Bodies 4 Sex Roles 5 Two-Gender Families 6 Multiple-Gender Families 7 Female Choice 8 Same-Sex Sexuality 9 The Theory of Evolution PART TWO: HUMAN RAINBOWS 10 An Embryonic Narrative 11 Sex Determination 12 Sex Differences 13 Gender Identity 14 Sexual Orientation 15 Psychological Perspectives 16 Disease versus Diversity 17 Genetic Engineering versus Diversity PART THREE: CULTURAL RAINBOWS 18 Two-Spirits, Mahu, and Hijras 19 Transgender in Historical Europe and the Middle East 20 Sexual Relations in Antiquity 21 Tomboi, Vestidas, and Guevedoche 22 Trans Politics in the United States Appendix: Policy Recommendations Notes Index

About the Author :
Joan Roughgarden is Professor of Biological Sciences at Stanford University. She is the author of Primer of Ecological Theory (1998), Anolis Lizards of the Caribbean: Ecology, Evolution, and Plate Tectonics (1995), and Theory of Population Genetics and Evolutionary Ecology: An Introduction (1979).

Review :
"The book is thought-provoking, even at times profound. . . . I hope this book will be widely read. It combines the combustible power of a keen intellect with powerful conviction and ethical courage. Scientists are trained to create the illusion of objectivity by hiding their hopes and expectations. Roughgarden tries a different approach, openly injecting her reasoned convictions and policy agenda into her analyses. I don't agree with all of her conclusions, but she has written an important and honest book about a subject that matters."--"American Scientist"