A Handbook of Anatomy for Art Students

Numerous photos and sketches of male and female figures complete this accurate guide to human anatomy. Students at all levels will appreciate its thorough coverage of every bodily region. Subjects include posture and walking, bones and joints, structure of the leg and foot, facial expressions, rules of proportion, and much more.

Table of Contents:
CHAPTER I. THE INFLUENCE OF POSTURE ON THE FORM OF MAN. Early attempts at walking Curves of back-bone Vertebral column Erectores spinae Limb girdles Pelvic girdle Thigh-bone Skeleton of lower limb Leg and foot Shoulder-girdle Form of chest-wall Skeleton of upper limb Skull CHAPTER II. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE BONES AND JOINTS. Classification of bones Chest-wall Joints Movable joints Immovable joints CHAPTER III. VERTEBRAL COLUMN OR SPINE. Vertebral column The vertebrae Curves of column Curves of back Grooves for muscles Erector spinae Movements of column "CHAPTER IV. THE THORAX, THE REGIONS OF THE FLANK, AND THE ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL." Ribs Breast-bone Thorax Anterior abdominal wall Haunch-bone Lumbar aponeurosis External oblique Rectus abdominis Contours of abdominal wall Fold of groin Differences between male and female The flank Action of abdominal muscles Effect of movements on contours of abdominal wall CHAPTER V. THE SHOULDER-GIRDLE AND THE MUSCLES WHICH INFLUENCE ITS MOVEMENTS. Shoulder-girdle Collar-bone Shoulder-blade Girdle as a whole Direct and indirect action of muscles Trapezius Rhomboids Action of trapezius Serratus magnus Action of serratus magnus Rotation of scapula Humerus Shoulder-joint Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major The breasts Deltoid Action of the deltoid Infra-spinatus and teres minor Teres major Summary of the muscles of the back The female back CHAPTER VI. THE UPPER ARM. The armpit Coraco-brachialis Humerus Bones of fore-arm Ulna Radius Elbow-joint Fascia of upper arm Brachialis anticus Biceps cubiti Triceps Anconeus External intermuscular septum Internal intermuscular septum CHAPTER VII. THE FORE-ARM. Pronation and supination Wrist-joint Bones of the wrist Movements of the wrist-joint Pronators and supinators Muscles of the fore-arm Flexors of the wrist Superficial flexor of the fingers Supinator longus Radial extensors Ulnar extensor Ulnar furrow Common extensor of the fingers Depression behind elbow Extensors of thumb Summary of the muscles of fore-arm Surface contours of fore-arm Hollow in front of elbow Influence of position on form of fore-arm Contours around elbow Superficial veins of arm Front of wrist Action of muscles CHAPTER VIII. THE HAND. The skeleton of the hand Joints of the fingers The thumb Short muscles of the thumb Abductor indicis Muscles of the little finger The palm The fingers Back of the hand Movements of the fingers Summary CHAPTER IX. THE GLUTEAL REGION. Skeleton of the lower limb Innominate bone The ilium Pubis Sacrum Pelvis Femur Obliquity of the thigh-bones The hip-joint Ilio-femoral ligament Mechanism of erect posture Obliquity of the pelvis Influence of pelvic obliquity on thigh Movements of the hip-joint Gluteus maximus Gluteal fold The buttock Actions of gluteus maximus Tensor fasciae femoris Ilio-tibial band Gluteus medius Anterior superior iliac spine Surface forms of buttock CHAPTER X. THE THIGH. The femur Bones of the leg The tibia The fibula The patella Knee-joint Movements of knee-joint Locking of the knee-joint Muscles of the thigh Extensor muscles The vasti and rectus Sartorius Adductor muscles Gracilis Action of adductors Flexor muscles The hamstrings Action of hamstrings Form of female thigh Hip-width Contours of thigh Straightness of limb Form of knee CHAPTER XI. THE LEG AND FOOT. Bones of leg The ankle Bones of the foot Astragalus Os calcis Ankle-joint Muscles of leg Tibialis anticus Long extensor of the toes Peroneal muscles Muscles of calf Tendo Achillis Action of muscles of calf Surface contours of leg The back of the knee Form of leg in female Bones of the foot Arches of the foot Dorsum of the foot Short extensor of the toes Muscles of the foot Plantar fascia Sole of the foot The toes Female foot Superficial veins of leg CHAPTER XIII. THE NECK. The atlas and axis Movements of the neck Muscles of the neck Ligamentum nuchae Deep structures of neck Hyoid bone Larynx Thyroid body Sterno-mastoid muscle Pit of the neck Hollows above the collar-bone Action of sterno-mastoid The platysma Contours of neck Length of neck Movements of neck Neck and shoulders "CHAPTER XIII. THE HEAD, FACE, AND EXPRESSION." The skull Bones of the skull Frontal sinus Cranium Size of head Bones of face The facial angle The lower jaw The masseter Form of lower jaw The chin The orbits Nose Ear Mouth Eyes Expression Muscles of expression The eye in expression Muscles of the nose Muscles of the mouth The mouth in expression Laughter Reflection Shyness Rage Sneering Disdain Fear Horror Habitual expression CHAPTER XIV. PROPORTION. Proportion Proportions of female Female figure Proportions of child Growth Old age and decay APPENDIX INDEX