This volume deals with the big picture of regional water supplies, how they become contaminated, how they can be protected and how they can best serve the surrounding populations and industries. Significant focus is placed upon the natural chemistry of available water supplies and its biological impacts. Case studies from regions around the world offer an excellent picture of the world's water resources.
Table of Contents:
Preface ix
Contributors xi
Water Quality Control
Acid Mine Drainage—Extent and Character 1
The Control of Algal Populations in Eutrophic Water Bodies 2
Arsenic Compounds in Water 7
Arsenic Health Effects 15
Background Concentration of Pollutants 18
Waterborne Bacteria 20
Water Assessment and Criteria 24
Physiological Biomarkers and the Trondheim Biomonitoring System 28
Biomarkers, Bioindicators, and the Trondheim Biomonitoring System 29
Active Biomonitoring (ABM) by Translocation of Bivalve Molluscs 33
Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Other Organic Pollution Measures 37
Biodegradation 41
Bioluminescent Biosensors for Toxicity Testing 45
Biomanipulation 50
Genomic Technologies in Biomonitoring 58
Macrophytes as Biomonitors of Trace Metals 64
Biosorption of Toxic Metals 68
Bromide Influence on Trihalomethane and Haloacetic Acid Formation 74
Activated Carbon: Ion Exchange and Adsorption Properties 79
Activated Carbon—Powdered 86
Chlorination 88
Chlorination By-Products 91
Classification and Environmental Quality Assessment in Aquatic Environments 94
Coagulation and Flocculation in Practice 98
Colloids and Dissolved Organics: Role in Membrane and Depth Filtration 99
Column Experiments in Saturated Porous Media Studying Contaminant Transport 103
Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase as an Indicator of PCB/Dioxin-Like Compounds in Fish 106
Water Related Diseases 111
Dishwashing Water Quality Properties 112
Disinfection By-Product Precursor Removal from Natural Waters 115
Alternative Disinfection Practices and Future Directions for Disinfection By-Product Minimization 118
Water Quality Aspects of Dredged Sediment Management 122
The Economics of Water Quality 127
Understanding Escherichia Coli O157:H7 and the Need for Rapid Detection in Water 136
Eutrophication and Organic Loading 142
Trace Element Contamination in Groundwater of District Hardwar, Uttaranchal, India 143
Iron Bacteria 149
Cartridge Filters for Iron Removal 152
Irrigation Water Quality in Areas Adjoining River Yamuna At Delhi, India 155
Water Sampling and Laboratory Safety 161
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills—Water Quality Issues 163
Land Use Effects on Water Quality 169
Monitoring Lipophilic Contaminants in the Aquatic Environment using the SPMD-TOX Paradigm 170
Use of Luminescent Bacteria and the Lux Genes For Determination of Water Quality 172
Water Quality Management 176
Water Quality Management and Nonpoint Source Control 184
Water Quality Management in an Urban Landscape 189
Water Quality Management in the U.S.: History of Water Regulation 193
Water Quality Management in a Forested Landscape 199
Trace Metal Speciation 202
Metal Ion Humic Colloid Interaction 205
Heavy Metal Uptake Rates Among Sediment Dwelling Organisms 211
Methemoglobinemia 219
Microbial Activities Management 223
Microbial Dynamics of Biofilms 228
Microbial Enzyme Assays for Detecting Heavy Metal Toxicity 233
Microbial Forms in Biofouling Events 239
Microbiological Quality Control in Distribution Systems 243
Water Quality Models for Developing Soil Management Practices 248
Water Quality Modeling—Case Studies 255
Field Sampling and Monitoring of Contaminants 263
Water Quality Models: Chemical Principles 269
Water Quality Models: Mathematical Framework 273
Environmental Applications with Submitochondrial Particles 278
Interest in the Use of an Electronic Nose for Field Monitoring of Odors in the Environment 281
Oil-Field Brine 284
Oil Pollution 290
Indicator Organisms 292
pH 294
Perchloroethylene (PCE) Removal 299
A Primer on Water Quality 301
Overview of Analytical Methods of Water Analyses With Specific Reference to EPA Methods for Priority Pollutant Analysis 304
Source-Water Protection 311
Protozoa in Water 313
Water Quality 314
Water Quality 316
Emerging and Recalcitrant Compounds in Groundwater 316
Road Salt 319
Review of River Water Quality Modeling Software Tools 325
River Water Quality Calibration 331
Salmonella: Monitoring and Detection in Drinking Water 337
Lysimeter Soil Water Sampling 340
Regulatory and Security Requirements for Potable Water 343
A Weight of Evidence Approach to Characterize Sediment Quality Using Laboratory and Field Assays: An Example For Spanish Coasts 350
Remediation and Bioremediation of Selenium-Contaminated Waters 355
Shellfish Growing Water Classification 360
Sorptive Filtration 362
Quality of Water in Storage 367
Quality of Water Supplies 370
The Submitochondrial Particle Assay as a Biological Monitoring Tool 376
Microscale Test Relationships to Responses to Toxicants in Natural Systems 379
Toxicity Identification Evaluation 380
Whole Effluent Toxicity Controls 382
Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Tests for Regulatory Purposes 383
Algal Toxins in Water 387
Ground Water Quality in Areas Adjoining River Yamuna at Delhi, India 392
Chlorine Residual 398
Source Water Quality Management 399
Dose-Response of Mussels to Chlorine 401
Metallothioneins as Indicators of Trace Metal Pollution 406
Amphipod Sediment Toxicity Tests 408
Ciliated Protists as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessment 413
SOFIE: An Optimized Approach for Exposure Tests and Sediment Assays 418
Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage (Wetlands) 423
Biomarkers and Bioaccumulation: Two Lines of Evidence to Assess Sediment Quality 426
Lead and its Health Effects 432
Microbial Detection of Various Pollutants as an Early Warning System for Monitoring of Water Quality and Ecological Integrity of Natural Resources, in Russia 440
Luminescent Bacterial Biosensors for the Rapid Detection of Toxicants 453
Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Test for Regulatory Purposes 458
Eh 464
Water Resource Development and Management
Water Resources Challenges in the Arab World 470
Effluent Water Regulations in Arid Lands 475
California—Continually the Nation’s Leader in Water Use 478
Lessons from the Rising Caspian 480
Institutional Aspects of Water Management in China 484
Will Water Scarcity Limit China’s Agricultural Potential? 488
Water and Coastal Resources 489
Water Use Conservation and Efficiency 489
Conservation of Water 495
The Development of American Water Resources: Planners, Politicians, and Constitutional Interpretation 498
Water Markets: Transaction Costs and Institutional Options 499
Averting Water Disputes 501
Water Supply and Water Resources: Distribution System Research 509
Drought in the Dust Bowl Years 511
Drought Management Planning 514
Drought and Water Supply Management 515
Assessment of Ecological Effects in Water-Limited Environments 516
Reaching Out: Public Education and Community Involvement in Groundwater Protection 518
Integration of Environmental Impacts into Water Resources Planning 520
The Expansion of Federal Water Projects 522
Flood Control History in the Netherlands 524
Food and Water in an Emergency 526
Water Demand Forecasting 529
Remote Sensing and GIS Application in Water Resources 531
Globalization of Water 536
Water Science Glossary of Terms 541
Harvesting Rainwater 548
Urban Water Resource and Management in Asia: Ho Chi Minh City 552
Hydropower—Energy from Moving Water 554
Water Markets in India: Economic and Institutional Aspects 555
Water Resources of India 559
Water Infrastructure and Systems 567
Overview and Trends in the International Water Market 568
Best Management Practices for Water Resources 570
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) 574
Management of Water Resources for Drought Conditions 576
Water Resources Management 586
NASA Helping to Understand Water Flow in the
West 587
Transboundary Water Conflicts in the Nile Basin 590
Planning and Managing Water Infrastructure 594
Application of the Precautionary Principle to Water Science 595
Water Pricing 603
Spot Prices, Option Prices, and Water Markets 606
Water Managed in the Public Trust 608
Water Recycling and Reuse: The Environmental Benefits 610
State and Regional Water Supply 613
River Basin Decisions Support Systems 619
Water Resource Sustainability: Concepts and Practices 624
The Provision of Drinking Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries 630
Sustainable Management of Natural Resources 633
Sustainable Water Management On Mediterranean Islands: Research and Education 638
Meeting Water Needs in Developing Countries with Tradable Rights 643
Water Use in the United States 645
How We Use Water in These United States 650
Valuing Water Resources 653
Water—Here, There, and Everywhere in Canada 656
Water Conservation—Every Drop Counts in Canada 660
Ecoregions: A Spatial Framework for Environmental Management 667
Flood of Portals on Water 668
Fuzzy Criteria for Water Resources Systems Performance Evaluation 674
Participatory Multicriteria Flood Management 678
Water Resources Systems Analysis 683
Index 689
About the Author :
Jay Lehr is Senior Scientist at the Heartland Institute and Senior Scientist at Bennett & Williams, Inc. He has written 14 books and over 500 articles on environmental science. He received the nation’s first Ph.D. in Ground Water Science form the university of Arizona in 1962. For 25 years he headed the Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers. In addition, Dr. Lehr has experience as an academic researcher in environmental science and helped the federal government develop several levels of environmental regulations, including the areas of surface water and ground water. Jack Keeley is the former Chief of Groundwater Research at the USEPA Kerr Water Resource Research Laboratory in Ada, Oklahoma.
