About the Book
This outstanding book covers the most recent advances in the production of stable and radioactive isotopes as well as in the synthesis, analysis and applications of isotopically labelled compounds.
Written by internationally renowned contributors, it provides authoritative and wide-ranging coverage of significant growth areas including: new methodologies in the production of isotopes novel approaches to compounds labelled with isotopes of hydrogen, carbon and other stable, long-lived and short-lived radioactive isotopes advances in the analysis of istopically labelled compounds recent and future applications of isotopes in pharmaceutical research and development, in pharmacological and clinical sutdies and nuclear medicine, as well as in agricultural, nutritional and environmental research recent applications of isotopes in investigating organic and bioorganic mechanisms and pathways safety and regulations of handling isotopes This will be an invaluable information and reference source to anyone involved in the production of isotopes, the synthesis and analysis of compounds labelled with stable, long-lived or short-lived radioactive isotopes, in drug research and development, in clinical investigations and nuclear medicine, in agricultural research and development and environmental investigations, in the elucidation of biological and chemical pathways, handling radioisotopes, laboratory design and other areas.
Table of Contents:
Organizing Committee. Sponsoring Organizations. Preface. PRODUCTION OF STABLE AND RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES. Production of Isotopes for Beneficial Uses (E. Bertel). The Tendencies of Development of Stable Isotope Production (M. Pokidycheva and A. Pokidychev). Production of Stable Isotopes at the Electromagnetic Plants of the Russian Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" (R. Kouzmine, et al.). Production of Low--abundant Stable Isotopes of Light Chemical Elements by Gas Centrifuges (Status and Perspectives) (V. Borisevich and A. Tikhomirov). Study of Process of Final Enrichment of Oxygen and Nitrogen Isotopes by Low Temperature Rectification of Nitric Oxide (T. Abzianidze, et al.). Separation of Isotopes by Chemical Isotope Exchange Method at Non--lsothermic Conditions (T. Abzianidze, et al.). Separation of Silicon Isotopes by Chemical Isotopic Exchange Method (A. Egiazarov, et al.). Production of Radioisotopes in the BR2 High--Flux Reactor (B. Ponsard). Palladium Isotope Separation by the Electromagnetic Method with the High--temperature lon Source in Use (D. Sokolov, et al.). Experience in lodine--123 Production via the 123 Te(p,n)--Reaction (L. Solin, et al.). Features of Dry Distillation Technique in Radioiodine Production (B. Kudelin and L. Solin). New Cross Section Data on nat Ti(p,x) 48 V Nuclear Process: Monitoring of Proton Beam and Production of 48 V (F. Szelecsenyi, et al.). SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS LABELLED WITH ISOTOPES OF HYDROGEN. New Developments in Tritium Labelling (H. Andres). Advances in Homogeneous Metal Catalysed H/D Exchange (R. Salter, et al.). Extension of Organoiridium Catalyzed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange: Photoaffinity Labels and Paclitaxel (A. Shu and J. Heys). Organoiridium Catalysed Hydrogen Isotope Exchange of Benzamide Derivatives (J. Valsborg, et al.). Hydrogen Isotope Labelling: Novel Applications of Parallel Chemistry Techniques (L. Kingston, et al.). Tritium Labelling of the PXR Ligand GW5801 -- An Unexpected Tritium Exchange Reaction (M. Chapelle, et al.). Synthesis of Tritium--Labeled Fungicides (V. Shevchenko, et al.). Ultrasonic C--H Bond Activation on a Heterogeneous Metallic Template: Stereospecific 1 H ---- 2 H Isotopic Exchange in Carbohydrates (E. Cioffi). Microwave--Enhanced Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Studies of Heterocyclic Compounds (S. Anto, et al.). Deuteriated Ionic Liquids (R. Garman, et al.). Synthesis of Deuterium Labeled Estrogen Fatty Acid Esters (P. Kiuru and K. Wahala). Synthesis of Isotopically Labelled Viozan TM in Support of DMPK and Bioanalysis Studies (L. Kingston, et al.). Features of Tritium Labeling of Organic Compounds with Gaseous Tritium (G. Sidorov, et al.). Microwave--Enhanced Dehalogenation Studies (J. Jones, et al.). Synthesis of Tritiated Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Fusion Protein Inhibitors (A. Minnick, et al.). Synthesis of Tritium Labelled Talinolol (G. Nilsson, et al.). Tritiated Endomorphines: Exclusive Ligands for Research of mu--Opioid System (C. Tomboly and G. Toth). Borohydride Exchange Resin as an Alternative Method for Deuterium Labeling (S. Landvaffer, et al.). Influence of Processes, Occurring in the Presence of Transition Metal Catalysts, on Characteristics of Labeled Lipophilic Compounds (V. Shevchenko, et al.). Applications of Parallel Chemistry Techniques in Isotopic Synthesis (L. Kingston, et al.). Isotopic Exchange and Tritium Addition in Solid State Cartalytic Hydrogenation of Alkyl and Alkenylbenzenes (G. Angelini, et al.). Labelling Nucleotides at High Speciflc Activity (L. Kingston, et al.). Synthesis, Tritiation and Separation of R,S--Salsolinol (I. Kertesz, et al.). Synthesis of Tritiated Entecavir ([ 3 H]BMS--200475), a Novel Carbocyclic 2'--Deoxyguanosine Analog (J. Rinehart, et al.). Tritium Labeling of the Hydrogenolysis Labile Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonist SR144528 with LiAl 3 H 4 (H. Seltzmann, et al.). [ 2 H 1 ]Fluoroacetic Acid. Resolution and Assignment of the Absolute Configuration by 2 H--NMR in a Chiral Liquid Crystalline Solvent (R. Goss, et al.). New Tritium Labelling Reagents (M. SalJoughian, et al.). Hexadeuterated Isosteres of Compound LY414197 Synthesis of the Labelled Tetrahydro--beta--Carboline and Resolution into its Corresponding Enantiomers (H. Gorissen, et al.). SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS LABELLED WITH LONG--LIVED AND STABLE ISOTOPES OF CARBON. Samarium Iodide Mediated Methylation: An Alternative to Grignard Labeling (S. Landvaffer). Synthesis of Carbon--14 Labelled Forms of Anastrozole (B. Edgar, et al.). Syntheses of Trans--Polyhomoallylic Fatty Acids and Conjugated Linoleic Acids Labelled with Carbon--14 or Carbon--13 on the Carboxylic Position (O. Loreau, et al.). Synthesis and Application of [ 13 C 3 ]ORG OD14 and [ 13 C 3 ]ORG 30659 to Study Polymorphism During Drug Processing by Solid State 13 C--NMR (P. Wiegerinck, et al.). Synthesis of the Carbon--14 Labelled Antipsoriatic Vitamin D 3 Derivative RO 65--2299 (T. Hartung, et al.). Synthesis of [23-- 14 C]Avermectin B 1a (B. McKillican, et al.). Synthesis of Carbon--14 Labelled GV143253 and GV196771, Two Novel Glaxo Wellcome Drug Candidates (M. Almi and S. Guelfi). Approaches to Radiolabelled Nonsteroidal Estrogen Agonists/Antagonists: Synthesis of [ 14 C]CP--166,221 and [ 14 C]CP--336,156 ( M. Collins, et al.). Total Synthesis of [U-- 13 C]Dieldrin, Endrin, Oxychlordane, and Related Polychlorinated Norbornene Pesticides (J. Bradley, et al.). Copper(I) Iodide Enhanced Reactivity of Aryl Iodides with [ 14 C]KCN in Palladium--Cataiyzed Cyanations (A. Allentoff, et al.). Isotopically Labelling of SB--207499 (Ariflo TM ) (D. Saunders and J. Mack). Synthesis of [ 3 H], [ 14 C] and [ 13 C 2 15 N]Sch 66336 (D. Hesk, et al.). Preparation of Isotopically Labelled N--Formylpiperidine and Derivatives (J.T. Kendall and M. May). The Synthesis of a C--14 Labeled Insulin Receptor Activator (C.S. Elmore, et al.). Synthesis of [ 14 C]-- and [ 3 H]DJN608 [STARLIX TM ] (T. Ray, et al.). Cooperative Problem Solving: Investigation into the Oxidative Degradation of CJ--11,974--01 and [ 14 C]CJ--11,974--01 (K. Zandi, et al.). Parallel Synthesis Equipment, a Convenient Application in Radiochemistry (D. Giribone, et al.). Anomalous Events Occurring During the Preparations of Stable Labeled Isotopomers (W. Wheeler, et al.). Synthesis of Carbon--14 Labelled Forms of a Series of 5--Lipoxygenase Inhibitors (J. Bergin, et al.). Carbon--14 Labelling of a Trifluoromethoxy Group: Synthesis of a Substance P Antagonist (C. Raab, et al.). The Synthesis of [ 14 C]Tetrofosmin, a Compound Vital to the Development of Myoview (R.G. Reid, et al.). The Synthesis of Compounds Containing a Carbon--14 Labelled Aromatic Trifluoromethyl Group (D. Hendry, et al.). Radiolabeling of Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Synthesis of [ 14 C]PCB Congeners 11 and 77 (M. Bubner, et al.). Synthesis of Isotopically Labeled Phosphodiesterase Type 4 Inhibitors: SB 222618 and SB 242126 (M. Mokhallalati, et al.). The Synthesis of [2-- 14 C]2--Chloro--5--fluoropyrimidine (K. Zandi and S. Miller). The Preparation of Isotopically Labeled 2,4,6--Tri--Substituted Pyrimidines (W. Stolle, et al.). The Synthesis of 1--[2--[4--(6--Fluoro--1H--indol--3--yl)-- 3,6--dihydro--1(2H)--pyridinyl]ethyl]-- 5,6--dihydro--1H,4H--[1,2,5]thiadiazolo [4.3.2--ij]quinoline--2,2--dioxide-- [indole--2-- 14 C], Phosphate Salt(1:1) (LY367265--[ 14 C] Phosphate) (W. Wheeler, et al.). Synthesis of Carbon--14 Labeled 1--(4--Pyridinylamino)--1H--indol--5--ol-- methylcarbamate, (Z)--2--Butenedioate ([ 14 C]HMR 2420) (H. Gill). Synthesis of Anti--CVM PRP111423 Labeled with Carbon--14, Deuterium and Tritium (B. Kao). Synthesis of Stable and Radiolabelled Cl--1041 (L. Franklin, et al.). Multi--Component Condensations for the Synthesis of Isotopically Labelled Amino Acids (K. Lawrie, et al.). Linear vs. Convergent Synthesis of [D--TMS[1-- 14 C]Ala]NVP MTH958 (R. Voges, et al.). A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of e.p. [ 14 C]Naphthyl-- and [ 14 C]Phenylalanine Derivatives (G. Ciszewska and T. Ray). Synthesis of DL--Lysine--2-- 14 C (J. Szammer and E. Simon--Trompler). C--14 Labelling of NVP GPI562, a beta--Amino Acid Derivative (R. Voges and Y. Metz). Synthesis of Carbon--14 Labelled Forms of a Series of Human Leukocyte Elastase Inhibitors (H. Booth, et al.). Learning from Mother Nature: In Vitro Synthesis of Labelled Compounds (R. Horlacher and R. Peist). Synthesis of 14 C--Labeled Estrogen Fatty Acid Esters (P. Kiuru, et al.). SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS OF COMPOUNDS LABELLED WITH SHORT--LIVED ISOTOPES. [ 11 C]Carbon Monoxide Has Become a Versatile Precursor (T. Kihlberg, et al.). Novel Syntheses and Applications of [ 11 C]CO--Precursors in [ 11 C]Chemistry (M. Nader and F. Oberdorfer). Synthesis of Carbon--11 Labeled para--Boronophenylalanine for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy and their Use in PET--Based Treatment Planning (G.W. Kabalka, et al.). Labelling of Aromatic Compounds with Carbon--11 in Ring Position (J. Steinbach, et al.). Enzymes as Catalysts in Labelling Synthesis Using Short--Lived Radionuclides (G. Antoni, et al.). Gas Phase Production of 11 CD 3 I and Synthesis of S--[N--D 3 --Methyl-- 11 C] Citalopram (J. Madsen, et al.). Synthesis of (R)--[1-- 11 C--Propyl]--N-- Propylnorapomorphine (N. Gillings and P. Cumming). Synthesis of 1--(3--[ 18 F]Fluorobenzyl)--4-- [2--(N--phthalimid--1--yl)ethyl]--piperidine (G. Kabalka, et al.). New Ways to N.C.A. Radiofluorinated Aromatic Compounds (T. Ludwig, et al.). Fluorine--18 Serotonin Transporter Ligands (M. Goodman, et al.). [ 18 F]--FAZA: A Putative PET Radiotracer for Hypoxia (P. Kumar, et al.). Synthesis of F--18--N--3--Fluoropropyl--2beta--carbomethoxy--3beta-- (4--fluorophenyl)nortropane ([F--18]FP--beta--CFT) (P. Fang, et al.). Synthesis of [ 18 F]Labelled Roflumilast Using Difluoro[ 18 F]bromomethane as Alkylating Agent (G. Antoni, et al.). Imaging of the Serotonin Transporter with the [ 18 F]Fluoromethyl Analogue of (+)--McN5652 (J. Zessin, et al.). F--18 Peptide Labelling: Neurotensin Derivatives (M. Scheunemann, et al.). Design and Radiolabelling of Stable Neurotensin Derivatives (P.A. Schubiger, et al.). Synthesis of 3--[2--{1--(3--[ 123 I]Iodobenzyl)-- 4--piperidinyl}ethyl]--1,2-- benzisoxazole: A Potent SPECT Agent to Map Acetylcholinesterase (M. Akula, et al.). Use of Catalytic Isotope Exchange for Routine [ 123 I]BMIPP Production (B. Kudelin, et al.). NCA [ 124 I]A 14 --Iodoinsulin -- Preparation, Characterization and Biological Studies (M. Glaser, et al.). Preparation of Anti Bladder Cancer Monoclonal Antibody BDI--1 Labeled with Rhenium--188 (R. Wang, et al.). SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS LABELLED WITH OTHER LONG--LIVED AND STABLE ISOTOPES. Synthesis and Applications of Oxygen--18 Labeled Tracers of VIOXX R (Rofecoxib) (M. Braun, et al.). [ 35 S]Sulfonamides: A Versatile High Specific Activity Radiolabeled Funtionality for Radioligand Design (D. Dean, et al.). Design, Synthesis and Biodistribution of a Novel Radioiodinated Benztropine Derivative (H. Jia, et al.). SYNTHESIS OF ISOTOPICALLY LABELLED MACROMOLECULES. New Developments in the Tritium Labeiling of Peptides Using Solid State Catalytic Isotopic Exchange with Spillover--Tritium (Y. Zolotarev, et al.). Development of High Specific Activity Tritiated Cyciic alpha--MSH Analogue, [4,5-- 3 H--Lysyl]MT--II (D. James, et al.). Labeling of Pharmacologically Active Macrocycles (T. Moenius, et al.). The Preparation of High Specific Activity Tritium Labelled Oligonucleotides (R. Kunningas and D. James). NEW DEVELOPMENT IN THE ANALYSIS OF ISOTOPICALLY LABELLED COMPOUNDS. NMR and Mass Spectrometric Approaches in Evaluating [ 14 C] and [ 3 H]-- Incorporation Efficiencies in Radiochemical Synthesis (M. Suryan). Measuring Very Low Isotopic Enrichment of Underivatized Materials Using Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry with HPLC Introduction (F. Abramson, et al.). Laser Assisted Ratio Analysis-- an Alternative to IRMS for Many Applications (D. Murnick). GC and LC Interfaces for Biological AMS (J. Mehl, et al.). A Compact Tritium Analysis System (R. Hamm, et al.). Radioactivity--Flow--Detection Integrated in Modern HPLC (Radio--HPLC under GLP Conditions) (G. Dietzel). Real--Time Radio--Imaging System (H. Filthuth). Sol--Gel Matrices Doped with 2,5--Diphenyloxazole -- Development Towards a Solid Tritium Sensor (I. Hamerton, et al.). Water Binding Solid Scintillators: Synthesis, Emission Properties, Tests in 3 H and 14 C--Counting (H. Meyer and T. Wolff). A Scintillation Proximity Assay for Penicillin Binding Protein 2a (R. Reilman). Detection of 14 C in Capillary Gaschromatography (H. Schnorbus). NMR Structural Studies of Membrane Polypeptides Labelled with Stable Isotopes (B. Bechinger). APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPES IN PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. Use of Stable Isotopes in Combinatorial Chemistry (D. Aberhart). Preparation of P450 Substrates for Use in Drug--Drug Interaction Studies (N. Shipley, et al.). Use of Isotopically Labeled Compounds in Elucidation of Biotransformation Pathways of Drug Candidates (S. Chen, et al.). The Use of Tritium Radiolabelled Compounds in the Investigation of the DMPK Properties of New Pharmaceuticals (A. Gray, et al.). Carbon--14 and Tritium Labelled Compounds Good Manufacturing Practices for Studies in Humans (E. Fontana, et al.). Ultrasensitive Analysis of Isotopes in Drug Discovery and Development using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (R. Garner). Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Application to an Early Phase Drug Metabolism Study in Humans (J. Dain, et al.). Low--Charge State AMS for High Throughput 14 C--Quantification (T. Ognibene, et al.). Stable Isotopes in Pharmaceutical Research and Development ( T. Browne). APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPES IN PHARMACOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES. Short Lived Isotopes in the Design of Subtype Selective Agonists and Antagonists (D. Kiesewetter, et al.). Radiolabelled Peptides in Nuclear Medicine (W. Breeman, et al.). Preclinical Study of a New Myocardial Imaging Agent 99m TcN--TBI (X. Zhang and X. Wang). A Novel 99m Tc Nitrido Complex for Myocardial and Cerebral Imaging ( J. Zhang, et al.). Biological Effect of a Reducing Agent Used to Prepare 99m Tc--Radiopharmaceuticals in Red Blood Cells: Evaluation of the Osmotic Fragility (A. Avila, et al.). Drug Interaction and the Effect on the Biodistribution of Radiopharmaceuticals Used for Renal Evaluations (D. Maffos, et al.). A Pertussis Toxin Insensitive G--Protein Mediates the Inhibition of Adenylyl Cyclase by Muscarinic Receptors in PC12 Cells (Y. Hu). Use of Stable Labeling to Examine In Vivo Levodopa Decarboxylation in Parkinson Disease (R. Durso, et al.). Inhibition of Pancreatic Enzymes by Orlistat Assessed by 13 C Breath Tests (A. Luypaerts, et al.). Routine High Sample Throughput and Calculations in Clinical 13 C--Breath Test (A. Luypaerts, et al.). Brain Serotonin Synthesis Measured with 14 C-- and 11 C--Labelled alpha--Methyl--L--Tryptophan (M. Diksic and Y. Tohyama). 13 C--Oxoproline Kinetics and Urinary Excretion are Responsive to a Short--Term Dietary Depletion of Glutathione Precursors in Human Subjects (C. Metges, et al.). APPLICATIONS OF ISOTOPES IN AGRICULTURAL, NUTRITIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH. The Use of Radiocarbon in Combination with Stable Isotopes to Elucidate the Behaviour of Pesticides and Fertilizers in the Agroecosystem (M. Mittelstaedt and F. Fuhr). Synthesis and Applications of Starburst(R) Pamam Dendrimers for Pesticide Development (B. Maxwell, et al.). 11 C--CO 2 Labelling Techniques for Plants (G. Roeb). Analogies in the Conversion of Natural and Synthetic Substrates in Plants Revealed by Labelling Studies (B. Schneider). Plant Isotope Labeling for Studies of Green Manure/Crop Residues and Seeds as Nutrient Sources (T. Muraoka, et al.). Application of 14 C--Labelling in Investigation of Forest Decline: Uptake, Translocation and Fate of Trichloroacetic Acid in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) (M. Matucha, et al.). Distribution and Fate of Trichloroacetic Acid in Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) Using 14 C--Labelling (S. Forczek, et al.). Assessment of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Lentil as Affected by Inoculant and Fertilizer Using 15 N Methodology (M. Sattar, et al.). USE OF ISOTOPES IN INVESTIGATING ORGANIC AND BIOORGANIC MECHANISMS AND BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS. Application of Isotopes in Investigating Biosynthetic Pathways (A. Bacher and W. Eisenreich). Elucidation of Soraphen A: Biosynthesis Using 2 H, 13 C and 18 0--Labelled Precursors (A. Hill, et al.). Use of Isotopes in Investigating the Mechanism of Stereocontrol in the Biosynthesis of Erythromycin A (K. Weissman, et al.). Synthetic and Biosynthetic Studies on Macrocyclic Dilactones (J. O'Neill, et al.). Use of Stable Isotope Labelling in Biosynthetic Studies on Phenylphenalenones (P. Schmitt and B. Schneider). O--17 Labeling Studies on Molecular Rearrangements (G. Kollenz, et al.). 13 CO Insertion in Zr--Polyolefins Growing Chain: a NMR Study (M. Guardasole, et al.). A 14 CO Study on the Active Sites Concentration (C) in a Metallocene Polymerisation Catalyst (M. Guardasole, et al.). HANDLING OF ISOTOPES: SAFETY, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS. Risk Estimations of Ionizing Radiation in the Low Dose Range: Summary and New Aspects (C. Streffer). Safe Gas Handling in Tritium and 14 CO 2 Manifold Systems (E. Bannwart, et al.). Implementation of the New Basic Safety Standards (D. Morecombe). Low--Level Radioactive Waste Management in the US (E. Hotte). Progress with Tritiated Mixed (Radioactive and Hazardous) Waste (L. Chang, et al.). Uranium and Radium in the Bohemian/Saxonian Erzgebirge (W. Dedek). Author Index. Keyword Index.
Review :
"the book will be a welcome addition to the libraries of researchers in isotopically labelled compounds." (Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Vol.44 No.26 2001)
