Structure for Architects: A Primer

Table of Contents:
PREFACE IX CHAPTER 1 Architects, Engineers, and Design 1 CHAPTER 2 Stability and Strength 5 CHAPTER 3 Loads 7 3.1 Gravity Loads 7 3.2 Lateral Loads 7 3.3 Dynamic Loads 10 3.4 Impact Loads 12 3.5 Load Paths 12 CHAPTER 4 States of Stress 17 4.1 Tension 17 4.2 Compression 17 4.3 Shear 18 4.4 Torsion 19 4.5 Bending 19 CHAPTER 5 Forces, Movement, Levers, and Moment 23 5.1 Applied and Reactive Forces 23 5.2 Translational Movement 23 5.3 Rotational Movement 24 5.4 Levers 24 5.5 Moment 25 CHAPTER 6 Stability and Equilibrium 27 6.1 Introduction 27 6.2 Translational Equilibrium 27 6.3 Rotational Equilibrium 28 6.4 Sign Conventions 29 6.5 The Equilibrium Equations 29 6.6 Free-Body Diagrams and Familiar Examples of Equilibrium 30 6.7 Introduction to Bending in Beams 39 CHAPTER 7 Working with Forces 41 7.1 Forces, Vectors, and Lines of Action 41 7.2 Combining and Resolving Concurrent Forces 44 7.3 Familiar Examples of Concurrent Forces 49 CHAPTER 8 Supports, Reactions, and Restraint of Movement 55 8.1 Roller and Frictionless-Surface Supports 55 8.2 Pinned Supports 56 8.3 Fixed Supports 58 8.4 Hanger Supports 60 8.5 Familiar Examples of Support Conditions 61 8.6 Stable or Unstable? 74 CHAPTER 9 Load Distribution 79 9.1 Point Loads 79 9.2 Distributed Loads 80 9.3 Equivalent Point Loads 81 9.4 Uniformly Distributed Loads 82 9.5 Non-Uniformly Distributed Loads 85 CHAPTER 10 Introduction to Beams 87 10.1 Beam Types 87 10.2 Predicting Deformation, Deflection, and Beam Behavior 88 10.3 Statically Determinate and Statically Indeterminate Beams 90 10.4 Other Considerations for Beams 94 CHAPTER 11 Framing Systems and Load Tributary Areas 99 11.1 One-Way Systems 99 11.2 Two-Way Slab and Beam Systems 103 11.3 Two-Way Slab/Two-Way Joist Systems 106 CHAPTER 12 Shear and Moment Diagrams for Beams 109 12.1 Sign Conventions 109 12.2 Typical Shear and Moment Diagrams 110 12.3 Creating Shear and Moment Diagrams 114 12.4 Comparing V and M for Uniformly Distributed Versus Concentrated Loading 120 12.5 Summary of Deformation, Shear, and Moment Relationships 123 CHAPTER 13 Stress, Strain, and Properties of Materials 125 13.1 Stress 125 13.2 Strain 126 13.3 Stress versus Strain 127 13.4 Properties of Materials 129 13.5 Stress Distribution Diagrams 130 CHAPTER 14 Introduction to Columns 131 14.1 Columns, Compression, and Bending 131 14.2 Column Loading 131 14.3 Column Compression 134 14.4 Column Bending 135 14.5 Leonhard Euler and Column Buckling 139 CHAPTER 15 Frames, Rigidity, and Lateral Resistance Systems 141 15.1 Triangular Frames 141 15.2 Rectangular Frames 141 15.3 Making Rectangular Frames Rigid 142 15.4 Lateral Resistance Systems 145 CHAPTER 16 Introduction to Trusses 151 16.1 Introduction 151 16.2 Trusses as Beams 152 16.3 Types of Trusses 154 16.4 Design Considerations 155 16.5 Truss Joints 157 16.6 Truss Loading 158 16.7 Truss Analysis 159 CHAPTER 17 Structural Walls 171 17.1 Loads and Deformational Stresses 172 17.2 Stresses and Wall Construction 173 17.3 Retaining Walls 175 CHAPTER 18 Soils and Rock 183 18.1 The Earth’s Interior 183 18.2 The Earth’s Crust 183 18.3 Natural Soils 186 18.4 Groundwater 186 18.5 Engineered Fill 187 18.6 Foundation Settlement 187 18.7 Soil-Bearing Capacity and Subsurface Conditions 187 CHAPTER 19 Foundations 189 19.1 Shallow Foundations 189 19.2 Deep Foundations 197 CHAPTER 20 Summing Up 199 APPENDIX 1 Structural Forms 201 APPENDIX 2 Structural Materials—Steel 211 A2.1 Composition and Manufacture 211 A2.2 Characteristics and Properties 211 A2.3 The American Institute of Steel Construction 212 A2.4 Grades of Structural Steel 212 A2.5 Shapes and Forms 212 A2.6 Joining Steel 214 A2.7 Decking 223 A2.8 The Design/Fabrication/Erection Process 224 A2.9 Related Terms 224 APPENDIX 3 Structural Materials—Reinforced Concrete 229 A3.1 Composition and Manufacture 229 A3.2 Curing 230 A3.3 Characteristics and Properties 231 A3.4 Related Terms 231 APPENDIX 4 Structural Materials—Wood 233 A4.1 Source and Manufacture 233 A4.2 Products 234 A4.3 Characteristics and Properties 236 A4.4 Structural Considerations 236 A4.5 Related Terms 237 APPENDIX 5 Properties of Sections 239 A5.1 Center of Gravity and Centroids 239 A5.2 Moment of Inertia 242 A5.3 Section Modulus 247 A5.4 Radius of Gyration 250 APPENDIX 6 Basic Trigonometry 257 A6.1 Basic Trigonometric Functions of a Right Triangle 257 A6.2 Basic Trigonometric Values of Frequently Used Angles 257 A6.3 Proportions of Special Right Triangles 258 A6.4 The Pythagorean Theorem 258 INDEX 259

About the Author :
Ramsey Dabby is Chief Architect for the New York City Fire Department and Adjunct Assistant Professor of Architecture at New York City College of Technology (CUNY). He is a registered architect in New York and New Jersey with forty years of architectural experience in the private and public sectors. Ashwani Bedi is a Structural Engineer with the New York City Department of Design and Construction and Adjunct Assistant Professor of Structures at both New York City College of Technology (CUNY) and New York University. In addition to being a professional engineer in New York, New Jersey, and Maryland, he is also a Chartered Engineer in India. He has more than twenty years of varied engineering experience with acclaimed national and international consulting firms in the fields of structural design, CAD, and computer-aided analysis.