Willis's Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor

Historically employed to estimate and measure the likely material requirements for any building project, the role of the modern quantity surveyor is diverse, with a wide range of employers and geographical locations to match. Change continues to be a feature in quantity surveying practice, with the New Rules of Measurement, the RICS Black Book and Building Information Modelling (BIM) all adding to the already dynamic environment in which the Quantity Surveyor operates.  This new edition of Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor reflects that dynamic environment, addressing changing practices and procedures in the profession, whilst focussing on the core skills which are essential to success. The 13th edition of this classic text, originally written by three generations of the Willis family (all quantity surveyors) continues to provide a thorough introduction to the work of the quantity surveyor in private practice, in public service and in contracting organisations.

Table of Contents:
Preface xi 1 The Work of the Quantity Surveyor 1 Introduction 1 A changing industry 2 Construction sectors 5 The role of the quantity surveyor 8 Skills, knowledge and understanding 13 What’s in a name? 16 Discussion topic 18 References20 Bibliography21 2 Education, Training and Employment 22 Introduction 22 Chronology of quantity surveying education 1960–2012 22 Quantity surveyors in education 25 Partnership and accreditation 26 Non-cognate disciplines 27 Vocational experience and qualifications 28 Assessment of professional competence (APC) 28 Continuing professional development (CPD) 30 Construction Industry Council (CIC) 30 Changing work patterns 31 The professions 40 Role of the RICS 44 Discussion topic 46 References48 Bibliography49 3 Organisation and Management 50 Introduction50 Staffing 50 Office organisation 52 Employer’s responsibilities 54 Public relations and marketing 58 Quality management 60 Time and cost management 62 Developing staff and skills 63 Finance and accounts 65 Discussion topic 70 References73 Bibliography73 4 The Quantity Surveyor and the Law 75 Introduction 75 The quantity surveyor and the client 75 Collateral warranties 82 Performance bonds 84 Professional indemnity insurance 85 Contracts of employment 85 Equality Act 2010 87 Discussion topic 88 References 90 Bibliography 90 5 Research and Innovation 91 Introduction 91 RICS 92 Classification of research and development 93 Research and development in the construction and property industries 94 ‘Rethinking construction innovation and research’ 95 Changing role of the quantity surveyor 97y Research and development in quantity surveying practice 98 Academic research 100 Research dissemination 101 The importance of change 102 Innovation 104 Conclusions 105 Discussion topic 106 References 109 Bibliography 109 6 Cost Control 110 Introduction 110 Project cost control 110 Cost advice 111 New rules of measurement (NRM) 112 Precontract estimating methods 113 General considerations 117 Accuracy of approximate estimates 118 Preparing the approximate estimate 119 Whole life costing 120 Value management 121 Risk analysis 121 Best value 122 Taxation122 Financial assistance for development 125 Post-contract methods 127 Discussion topic 129 References 132 Bibliography 133 7 Whole Life Costing 134 Introduction 134 Brief history 135 Government policy 136 Whole life value 136 Whole life costing applications 137 Main factors to consider 139 Targeting the major elements of costs-in-use 141 Depreciation and obsolescence in buildings 141 Long life, loose fit and low energy 142 Calculations 142 Forecasting the future 144 Whole life cost forum (WLCF) 148 Conclusions148 Discussion topic 149 References 152 Bibliography 153 8 Value Management 154 Introduction 154 Background 155 Terminology 155 When should surveyors use value management? 156 The application of value management 159 Function analysis 166 Supporting the case for value management 172 Professional development and accreditation 173 Discussion topic 174 References177 Bibliography177 9 Risk Management 179 Introduction 179 When should surveyors use risk management? 180 The application of risk management 182 Risk analysis 184 Risk registers 186 Expected monetary value (EMV) 189 Simulation (quantitative risk analysis) 189 Risk management 192 Appraisal of risk management options 195 Considerations in risk allocation 196 Merging risk management and value management opportunity? 197 Discussion topic 198 References202 Bibliography202 10 Procurement 203 Introduction 203 General matters 204 Standard forms of contract 206 Methods of price determination 207 Contractor selection and appointment 210 Procurement options 214 Contract strategy 220 Client procurement needs 221 Partnering 223 The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) 226 The role of the quantity surveyor 226 Discussion topic 227 References230 Bibliography230 11 Contract Documentation 232 Contract documents 232 Coordinated project information 233 Form of contract 235 Contract drawings 236 Schedules 237 Contract bills 237 Methods of measurement 240 Contract specification 242 Schedules of rates 242 Master programme 243 Information release schedule 243 Discrepancies in documents 243 Discussion topic 244 References246 Bibliography246 12 Preparation of Contract Bills 247 Appointment of the quantity surveyor 247 Receipt of drawings 248 Taking-off 250 Contract bills 253 Invitation to tender 256 Receipt of tenders 260 E-tendering 266 Discussion topic 268 References 270 Bibliography 270 13 Cost Management 272 Introduction 272 Valuations 273 Valuation on insolvency 286 Cost control and reporting 287 Discussion topic 291 References 294 Bibliography 294 14 Final Accounts 295 Introduction 295 Variations 296 Procedure for measurement and evaluation 298 Pricing variations 301 Provisional sums 307 Fluctuations 308 Materials 310 Completing the account 312 Audit 313 Timing and resources 315 Discussion topic 316 References319 Bibliography319 15 Insolvency 320 Introduction 320 The role of the quantity surveyor 323 Scenario 323 The role of the liquidator 324 Determination of contract (contractor insolvency) 325 Provision in the forms of contract 326 Factors to consider at insolvency 327 Completion of the contract 328 The employer’s loss 329 Expenditure involved 330 Termination of contract (employer insolvency) 331 Insolvency of the quantity surveyor or architect 332 Performance bonds 332 Discussion topic 333 References 335 Bibliography 336 16 Contractual Disputes 337 Introduction 337 Why disputes arise 338 Litigation 339 Arbitration 340 Adjudication 342 Alternative dispute resolution 343 Conclusion 345 Expert witness 346 Lay advocacy 347 Claims348 Discussion topic 355 References358 Bibliography358 17 Project Management 360 Introduction 360 Justifying project management by adding value 361 Terminology 362 Attributes of the project manager 363 Duties and responsibilities of the project manager 369 Quantity surveying skills and expertise 375 Fees 376 Education and training for the project manager 376 Discussion topic 377 References381 Bibliography381 18 Facilities Management 382 Introduction 382 The work of the facilities manager 383 Sustainability 397 Facilities management opportunities for the quantity surveyor 400 Education and training for the facilities manager 401 Discussion topic 401 References405 Bibliography405 19 Emergent Themes: Sustainability and BIM 406 Introduction 406 Background 406 Quantity surveying and sustainability 412 Zero carbon 413 Building Information Modeling (BIM) 414 BIM use within the industry 416 Discussion topic 420 References 422 Bibliography 422 Index 424

About the Author :
Allan Ashworth DUniv (Hon), MSc, MRICS is a Visiting Professor at the University of Salford and the Adjunct Professor in Quantity Surveying at UTAR in Malaysia. He is a former HMI (Her Majesty’s Inspector) in the Department for Education and Employment and the Senior Academic Advisor to the Centre for Education in the Built Environment based at the University of Salford. Keith Hogg BSc, PGCE was, until his recent retirement, Associate Dean (Development) in the School of the Built Environment at Northumbria University. He worked in private practice in the UK and overseas and engaged in research and practise in areas of risk management and value management. Throughout much of his career he was closely involved with the RICS in areas of Quantity Surveying Practice and Surveying Education. Catherine Higgs MSc, MRICS is a Senior Lecturer in Quantity Surveying and Associate Head of the Department of Construction and Property at the University of the West of England, Bristol. She is also a UWE Teaching Fellow with a strong interest in the pedagogy of quantity surveying practice.