The Water Framework Directive: Ecological and Chemical Status Monitoring(Water Quality Measurements)

Deals with new EC legislation – the Water Framework Directive; the main driver within Europe for groundwater monitoring which addresses integrated water resource management across 27 different countries Provides comprehensive approach and guidance on the theoretical and practical aspects for implementing the directive Edited by EC representatives involved in the setting up of the framework, along with colleagues in various water institutions who have the task of implementing the legislation Part of the Water Quality Measurement Series

Table of Contents:
Series Preface ix Preface xi List of Contributors xiii SECTION 1 GENERAL WFD MONITORING FEATURES 1 1.1 Water Status Monitoring under the WFD 3 Philippe Quevauviller 1.2 Chemical Monitoring of Surface Waters 11 Peter Lepom and Georg Hanke 1.3 The Monitoring of Ecological Status of European Freshwaters 29 Angelo G. Solimini, Ana Cristina Cardoso, Jacob Carstensen, Gary Free, Anna-Stiina Heiskanen, Niels Jepsen, Peeter Noges, Sandra Poikane and Wouter van de Bund SECTION 2 CASE STUDIES ON MONITORING DIFFERENT AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS UNDER THE WFD 61 2.1 Lake Monitoring in Sweden 63 Hakan Marklund 2.2 River Monitoring 77 Elena Perez Gallego 2.3 Groundwater Monitoring: Implementation in Two Member States 87 Rob Ward, Johannes Grath and Andreas Scheidleder 2.4 Coastal and Marine Monitoring 103 Patrick Roose SECTION 3 ANALYTICAL TOOLS IN SUPPORT OF WFD MONITORING 131 3.1 Emerging Methods for Water Monitoring in the Context of the WFD 133 Richard Greenwood and Graham A. Mills 3.2 Diagnostic Water Quality Instruments for Use in the European Water Framework Directive 153 J.L. Maas, C.A. Schipper, R.A.E. Knoben, M.J. van den Heuvel-Greve, P.J. den Besten and P.G-J. de Maagd SECTION 4 MODELLING TOOLS IN SUPPORT OF WFD MONITORING 163 4.1 Joint Modelling and Monitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems 165 J.C. Refsgaard, L.F. Jorgensen, A.L. Hojberg, C. Demetriou, G. Onorati and G. Brandt 4.2 Integrated River Basin Management: Harmonised Modelling Tools and Decision-making Process 181 Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz and Fred F. Hattermann SECTION 5 HYDROGEOLOGICAL COMPONENTS AND GROUNDWATER STATUS 195 5.1 Groundwater Quality Monitoring: The Overriding Importance of Hydrogeologic Typology (and Need for 4D Thinking) 197 Didier Pennequin and Stephen Foster 5.2 Contribution of Hydrogeological Mapping to Water Monitoring Programmes 215 Wilhelm F. Struckmeier 5.3 Establishing Environmental Groundwater Quality Standards 229 Dietmar Muller SECTION 6 SEDIMENT MONITORING 241 6.1 Sediment Dynamics and their Influence on the Design of Monitoring Programmes 243 Sue White 6.2 Monitoring Sediment Quality Using Toxicity Tests as Primary Tools for any Risk Assessment 255 Wolfgang Ahlf, Ute Feiler, Peter Heininger and Susanne Heise SECTION 7 RISK ASSESSMENT LINKED TO MONITORING 271 7.1 River Basin Risk Assessment Linked to Monitoring and Management 273 Jos Brils, Damia Barcelo, Winfried E.H. Blum, Werner Brack, Bob Harris, Dietmar Muller, Philippe Negrel, Vala Ragnarsdottir, Wim Salomons, Thomas Track and Joop Vegter 7.2 Emerging Contaminants in the Water-sediment System: Case Studies of Pharmaceuticals and Brominated Flame Retardants in the Ebro River Basin 287 Mira Petrovic, Ethel Eljarrat, Meritxell Gros, Agustina de la Cal and Damia Barcelo 7.3 Assessment of Metal Bioavailability and Natural Background Levels – WFD Monitoring from the Perspective of Metals Industry 299 Patrick Van Sprang, Katrien Delbeke, Lidia Regoli, Hugo Waeterschoot, Frank Van Assche, William Adams, Delphine Haesaerts, Claire Mattelet, Andy Bush, Lynette Chung and Violaine Verougstraete 7.4 Freshwater Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change: the Euro-limpacs Project 313 Richard W. Battarbee, Martin Kernan, David M. Livingstone, Uli Nickus, Piet Verdonschot, Daniel Hering, Brian Moss, Richard F. Wright, Chris D. Evans, Joan O. Grimalt, Richard K. Johnson, Edward Maltby, Conor Linstead and Richard A. Skeffington SECTION 8 ENSURING DATA QUALITY 355 8.1 NORMAN – Network of Reference Laboratories for Monitoring of Emerging Substances 357 Jaroslav Slobodnik and Valeria Dulio 8.2 Data Quality Assurance of Sediment Monitoring 371 Ulrich Forstner, Susanne Heise, Wolfgang Ahlf and Bernard Westrich SECTION 9 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 387 9.1 Reporting Requirements for Priority Substances 389 Valeria Dulio and Anne Morin SECTION 10 CONCLUSIONS 409 10.1 Needs for an Operational Science–Policy Mechanism in Support of WFD Monitoring – National and Regional Examples 411 Philippe Quevauviller, Bob Harris and Philippe Vervier 10.2 Support for WFD Research Needs: Current Activities and Future Perspectives in the Context of RTD Framework Programmes 445 Andrea Tilche Index 459