iLearning: How to Create an Innovative Learning Organization

Workplace learning and performance professionals simply don t have the resources to make systemic improvements for employees to collaboratively learn anytime, anywhere, and integrate it throughout the organization. iLearning offers these professionals a resource that describes how to facilitate collaborative work in an organization and explains how to facilitate integrated learning in an organization. The book also offers interventions for creating an integrated learning and collaborative work environment and shows how to apply the methodologies and technologies that support an integrated learning and collaborative work environment in an organization.

Table of Contents:
Figures and Tables xix Preface xxi Acknowledgments xxv Introduction: Getting The Most from This Book xxvii The Author xxxv PART ONE: FACILITATING COLLABORATIVE WORK 1 1 Why iLearning? 3 Learning Objectives 3 Expert Advice 3 iLearning: An Example 4 Building on the Familiar 9 The Life Cycle of Knowledge 13 2 Becoming One Mind 15 Learning Objectives 15 Expert Advice 15 Concept 16 Cognition Is Distributed Across Individuals 17 Cognition Is Distributed in Artifacts 17 Cognition Is Captured in the History of Artifacts 18 Application 19 How to Distribute Cognition Across Individuals 19 How to Distribute Cognition in Artifacts 20 How to Capture Cognition in the History of Artifacts 21 3 Agreeing on the Workflow Process 23 Learning Objectives 23 Expert Advice 23 Concept 24 Traditional Ways Fail to Define Processes 25 Storytelling Can Define Processes 26 Application 27 How to Recognize Failure to Define Processes 27 How to Use Storytelling to Define Processes 28 4 Defining Roles Within the Process 31 Learning Objectives 31 Expert Advice 31 Concept 32 Identification of Roles 33 Rules of Engagement Between Roles 34 Application 35 How to Identify Specific Roles 35 How to Define Rules of Engagement Between Roles 36 5 Working the Process 39 Learning Objectives 39 Expert Advice 39 Concept 40 Knowledge Products Have Performance Objectives 41 Performance Objectives Support Collaborative Work 42 Performance Objectives Provide Metrics 43 Performance Objectives Improve Processes 44 Application 45 How to Identify Performance Objectives 46 How to Support Collaborative Work 47 How to Provide Metrics 48 How to Improve Processes 48 PART TWO: FACILITATING INNOVATIVE LEARNING 51 6 Making Knowledge Visible 53 Learning Objectives 53 Expert Advice 53 Concept 54 The Tacit-Explicit-Tacit Cycle 55 Externalization of Knowledge 55 Internalization of Knowledge 56 Application 56 How to Identify Tacit-Explicit-Tacit Cycles 57 How to Externalize Knowledge 57 How to Internalize Knowledge 58 7 Differentiating Knowledge 61 Learning Objectives 61 Expert Advice 61 Concept 62 Knowledge Is Factual 63 Knowledge Is Conceptual 63 Knowledge Is Procedural 64 Knowledge Is Metacognitive 64 Application 64 How to Identify Factual Knowledge 64 How to Identify Conceptual Knowledge 65 How to Identify Procedural Knowledge 65 How to Identify Metacognitive Knowledge 66 8 Differentiating Knowledge Assets 67 Learning Objectives 67 Expert Advice 67 Concept 68 Documents Embody Factual Knowledge 69 Instruction Embodies Conceptual Knowledge 70 Examples Embody Procedural Knowledge 70 Expert Advice Embodies Metacognitive Knowledge 71 Tacit Knowledge Should Be Managed 72 Application 73 How to Provide Access to Factual Knowledge 73 How to Provide Access to Conceptual Knowledge 74 How to Provide Access to Procedural Knowledge 74 How to Provide Access to Metacognitive Knowledge 75 How to Manage Tacit Knowledge 75 9 Differentiating Learners 77 Learning Objectives 77 Expert Advice 77 Concept 78 Novices Understand and Remember Knowledge 79 Practitioners Analyze and Apply Knowledge 80 Experts Create and Evaluate Knowledge 80 Learners Have Cognitive Needs 80 Application 81 How to Understand and Remember Knowledge 81 How to Analyze and Apply Knowledge 82 How to Create and Evaluate Knowledge 84 How to Meet Learners’ Cognitive Needs 86 PART THREE: ENABLING AN ILEARNING ORGANIZATION 89 10 Locating and Marshaling Expertise 91 Learning Objectives 91 Expert Advice 91 Concept 92 Using Social Network Analysis to Locate Expertise 93 Marshaling Expertise to Produce Knowledge Assets 94 Application 95 How to Use Social Network Analysis to Locate Expertise 95 How to Marshal Expertise to Produce Knowledge Assets 96 11 Ensuring Incentives to Share 99 Learning Objectives 99 Expert Advice 99 Concept 100 People Work in Their Own Self-Interest 101 Barriers to Knowledge Sharing Need to Be Removed 102 Hard Rewards for Knowledge Sharing Need to Be Developed 103 Soft Rewards for Knowledge Sharing Need to Be Developed 104 Application 105 How to Align with People’s Self-Interest 105 How to Remove Barriers 107 How to Develop Hard Rewards 108 How to Develop Soft Rewards 109 12 Measuring Individual Learning and Performance 113 Learning Objectives 113 Expert Advice 113 Concept 114 Examples Are a Performance Measure 116 Documents Are a Performance Measure 117 Instruction Is a Performance Measure 118 Expert Advice Is a Performance Measure 119 Performance Objectives Are a Performance Measure 119 Total Knowledge Assets Are a Performance Measure 120 Application 120 How to Measure Examples 121 How to Measure Documents 123 How to Measure Instruction 126 How to Measure Expert Advice 127 How to Measure Performance Objectives 129 How to Measure Total Knowledge Assets 130 13 Improving Team Learning and Performance 133 Learning Objectives 133 Expert Advice 133 Concept 134 Single-Loop Learning 135 Double-Loop Learning 138 Team Learning 138 Application 139 How to Support Single-Loop Learning 139 How to Support Double-Loop Learning 142 How to Support Team Learning 143 14 Managing Organizational Learning and Performance 147 Learning Objectives 147 Expert Advice 147 Concept 148 Single-Loop Learning 149 Double-Loop Learning 149 Organizational Learning 150 Application 151 How to Support Single-Loop Learning 151 How to Support Double-Loop Learning 156 How to Support Organizational Learning 158 PART FOUR: APPLYING METHODOLOGIES AND DEPLOYING TECHNOLOGIES 161 15 Reusing Knowledge Assets 163 Learning Objectives 163 Expert Advice 163 Concept 164 Knowledge Assets Can Be Organized into Learning Objects 165 Knowledge Assets Can Be Reused 166 Application 166 How to Organize Knowledge Assets 166 How to Reuse Knowledge Assets 167 16 Repurposing Knowledge Assets 171 Learning Objectives 171 Expert Advice 171 Concept 172 Knowledge Assets Can Be Shared 173 Knowledge Assets Can Be Repurposed 174 Application 175 How to Share Knowledge Assets 175 How to Repurpose Knowledge Assets 177 17 Organizing Knowledge Assets 181 Learning Objectives 181 Expert Advice 181 Concept 182 Knowledge Assets Can Be Linked for Reuse 183 Knowledge Assets Can Be Linked for Repurposing 183 Application 185 How to Link Knowledge Assets for Reuse 186 How to Link Knowledge Assets for Repurposing 186 18 Managing Knowledge Assets 189 Learning Objectives 189 Expert Advice 189 Concept 190 Knowledge Assets Can Be Reused 191 Knowledge Assets Can Be Repurposed 192 Application 194 How to Update Reused Knowledge Assets 194 How to Update Repurposed Knowledge Assets 195 19 Deploying Information Technologies 199 Learning Objectives 199 Expert Advice 200 Concept 201 Development of a System Concept 201 Management of Collaboration 203 Management of Knowledge Products 204 Management of Knowledge Assets 205 Role-Based Access to Knowledge Assets 206 Assessment of Learning and Performance 208 Application 209 How to Design a System Concept 209 How to Manage Collaboration 210 How to Manage the Knowledge Products of Work 212 How to Manage the Knowledge Assets for Learning 213 How to View Knowledge Assets by Role 214 How to Assess Learning and Performance 214 PART FIVE: FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR ILEARNING 217 20 Emerging Information Technologies 219 Learning Objectives 219 Expert Advice 219 Concept 220 Technology Is Mobile 221 New Media Forms Are Available 221 3-D Environments Are Evolving 222 Application 224 How to Use Mobile Technology to Support iLearning 224 How to Use New Media Forms to Support iLearning 226 How to Use a 3-D Environment to Support iLearning 227 21 Changing Our World 229 Learning Objectives 229 Expert Advice 229 Concept 230 iLearning Is Changing K–12 Schools 231 iLearning Is Changing Colleges and Universities 232 iLearning Is Changing the Global Economy 232 Application 233 How to Change K–12 Schools with iLearning 233 How to Change Colleges and Universities with iLearning 235 How to Change with the Global Economy Using iLearning 236 Appendix: iLearning Resources 239 Index 241

About the Author :
THE AUTHOR Mark Salisbury has more than twenty years of experience designing and developing human performance solutions. He is the host of the popular radio show The Knowledge Worker. In addition, Salisbury is an associate professor in the Organizational Learning and Instructional Technology program at the University of New Mexico, where he teaches graduate courses and conducts research in the area of knowledge management.