About the Book
For the first time, the discipline of modern inorganic chemistry has been systematized according to a plan constructed by a council of editorial advisors and consultants, among them are three Nobel laureates (E. O. Fischer, H. Taube and G. Wilkinson). Rather than producing a collection of unrelated review articles, the series creates a framework which reflects the creative potential of this scientific discipline. Thus, it stimulates future development by identifying areas which are fruitful for further research. The work is indexed in a unique way by a structured system which maximizes its usefulness to the reader. It augments the organization of the work by providing additional routes of access for specific compounds, reactions and other topics.
Table of Contents:
How to Use this Book Preface to the Series Editorial Consultants to the Series Contributors to Volume 3. Formation of Bonds to Group VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po) Elements (Part 1) 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Formation of Group VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po) Group VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po) Element Bond 3.2.1. Introduction 3.2.2. Formation of the Oxygen Oxygen Bond 3.2.2.1, by Reactions Involving Free Radicals 3.2.2.1.1. in the Formation of Compounds with - OH Groups. 3.2.2.1.2. in the Formation of Compounds with - OR Groups. 3.2.2.1.3. in the Formation of Compounds with - ORF Groups. 3.2.2.1.4. in the Formation of Compounds with - OF Groups. 3.2.2.1.5. in the Formation of Compounds with - OSO2F Groups. 3.2.2.1.6. in the Formation of Compounds with OEF5 Groups (E = S, Se or Te). 3.2.2.2. by Oxidation of O2 3.2.2.2.1. In Solution. 3.2.2.2.2. Heterogeneous Reactions. 3.2.3. Formation of the Oxygen Bond with Other Group VIB Elements 3.2.3.1. from the Elements. 3.2.3.2. Sulfur Oxides 3.2.3.2.1. Sulfur Dioxide 3.2.3.2.2. Sulfur Trioxides 3.2.3.2.3. Disulfur Monoxide 3.2.3.2.4. Cyclopolysulfur Oxides 3.2.3.3. Sulfur Oxyacids 3.2.3.3.1. Sulfurous Acid Systems 3.2.3.3.2. Sulfuric Acid Systems 3.2.3.3.3. Dithionic Acid 3.2.3.3.4. Dithionous Acid 3.2.3.3.5. Thiosulfuric Acid 3.2.3.3.6. Sulfane Mono and Disulfonic Acids 3.2.3.4. Organic Sulfur Oxyacids 3.2.3.4.1. Sulfenic Acids, Salts and Esters 3.2.3.4.2. Sulfinic Acids, Salts and Esters 3.2.3.4.3. Sulfonic Acids, Salts and Esters 3.2.3.5. Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium Oxides and Oxyacids 3.2.3.5.1. The Monoxide, Dioxides and Trioxides 3.2.3.5.2. Selenous and Tellurous Acids 3.2.3.5.3. Selenic and Telluric Acids 3.2.3.5.4. Miscellaneous Oxyselenium and tellurium Species 3.2.3.6. Mixed Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium Oxides and Oxyacids 3.2.3.6.1. Mixed Oxides 3.2.3.6.2. Mixed Oxyacids 3.2.4. Formation of the Sulfur Sulfur Bond 3.2.4.1. Formation of Allotropes and Allotropic Ions 3.2.4.1.1. Sulfur Allotropes 3.2.4.1.2. Polysulfur Cations 3.2.4.2. Formation of Sulfanes and Di and Polysulfides 3.2.4.2.1. Sulfanes 3.2.4.2.2.Di and Polysulfide lons 3.2.4.3. Formation of Halodi and Halopolysulfides 3.2.4.4. Formation of Organic Di and Polysulfides 3.2.4.4.1. Compounds of Formula RSxCl, x >= 2 3.2.4.4.2. Compounds of Formula RSxH x >= 2 3.2.4.4.3. Diorgano Disulfides 3.2.4.4.4. Diorggano Polysulfides 3.2.5. Formation of the Selenium Selenium Bond 3.2.5.1. Selenium Allotropes 3.2.5.2. Polyselenides 3.2.5.3. Polyselenium Cations 3.2.5.4. Compounds of the Type XSeSeX 3.2.5.5. Complexes of Selenium with Diseleno Ligand 3.2.6. Formation of the Tellurium Tellurium Bond 3.2.6.1. Tellurium Allotropes 3.2.6.2. Polytellurides 3.2.6.3. Polytellurium Cations 3.2.6.4. Compounds of the Type XTeTeX 3.2.6.5. Tellurium Subhalides 3.2.7. The Formation of Mixed Chalcogen Bonds Except Oxygen 3.2.7.1. Neutral Compounds 3.2.7.2. Heteropolyatomic Anions 3.2.7.3. Heteropolyatomic Cations 3.2.7.4. Complexes of Se(II) and Te(II and IV) with Dithioacids and Related Ligands 3.3. Formation of the Group VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po) Group VB (N, P, As, Sb, Bi) Element Bond 3.3.1. Introduction 3.3.2. Formation of the Oxygen - Nitrogen Bond 3.3.2.1. from the Elements. 3.3.2.2. from Molecular Oxygen. 3.3.2.3. from Ozone. 3.3.2.4. by Redox Reactions of Nitrogen Compounds (Not Including O2 or O3) 3.3.2.4.1. by Oxidation of Nitrogen Compounds. 3.3.2.4.2. by Reduction of Nitrogen Compounds. 3.3.2.5. by Non redox Reactions of Nitrogen Compounds. 3.3.3. Formation of the Sulfur Nitrogen Bond 3.3.3.1. from the Elements. 3.3.3.2. from Ammonia. 3.3.3.3. from Azides. 3.3.3.4. from Imides or Amides. 3.3.3.5. from Si - N and Sn - N Compounds. 3.3.3.6. from Sulfur Nitrides 3.3.3.6.1. by Oxidation of S4N4. 3.3.3.6.2. by Bromination of S4N4. 3.3.3.6.3. by Chlorination of S4N4. 3.3.3.6.4. by Fluorination of S4N4. 3.3.3.7. by Reduction of S - N Compounds. 3.3.3.8. by Thermolysis of S - N Compounds. 3.3.3.9. by Reaction of S4N4 with Nucleophiles. 3.3.3.10. from Metal Complexes of Sulfur - Nitrogen Ligands. 3.3.4. Formation of Selenium Nitrogen and Tellurium Nitrogen Bonds 3.3.4.1. in Acyclic Se - N and Te - N Compounds. 3.3.4.2. in Cyclic Se - N and Te - N Compounds. 3.3.4.3. in Mixed Sulfur Selenium Nitrogen Cations. 3.3.4.4. in Oxy Compounds Containing the Se - N Bond. 3.3.5. Formation of the Oxygen Phosphorus Bond 3.3.5.1. from the Elements. 3.3.5.2. from Displacement of Phosphorus Substituents. 3.3.5.3. from Phosphorylation of Biological Molecules. 3.3.5.4. from Redox Reactions of Phosphorus Compounds (Not Including O2). 3.3.5.5. by Other Interconversions of Phosphorus Compounds 3.3.5.5.1. of Compounds Containing the P - O - P Linkage from Condensation Reactions. 3.3.5.5.2. of Organophosphorus Compounds from Phosphorus Chalconides and Phosphorus Oxyacids. 3.3.5.5.3. by Miscellaneous Syntheses. 3.3.5.6. by Other Syntheses from Elemental Phosphorus. 3.3.6. Formation of the Sulfur Phosphorus Bond 3.3.6.1. from the Elements. 3.3.6.2. from Elemental Sulfur. 3.3.6.3. from Elemental Phosphorus. 3.3.6.4. from Phosphorus Compounds 3.3.6.4.1. in Inorganic Compounds. 3.3.6.4.2. in Organometallic Compounds. 3.3.6.5. by Other Syntheses. 3.3.7. Formation of the Selenium Phosphorus Bond 3.3.7.1. from the Elements or Their Inorganic Compounds. 3.3.7.2. from Organometallic Compounds. 3.3.7.3. by Other Syntheses. 3.3.8. Formation of the Oxygen Arsenic Bond 3.3.8.1. from the Elements 3.3.8.1.1. by Direct Reaction. 3.3.8.1.2. by Reaction with Other Compounds. 3.3.8.2. from As2O3 or H3AsO3. 3.3.8.3. from As4O10 or H3AsO4 3.3.8.3.1. Using Metal Salt Derivatives. 3.3.8.3.2. from Condensed Arsenate and Arsenophosphates. 3.3.8.4. from Solvolyses of Arsenic Compounds 3.3.8.4.1. from Solvolysis of the Arsenic Halogen Bond. 3.3.8.4.2. from Solvolysis of the As - N or the As - P Bond. 3.3.8.5. from Other Interconversions of Arsenic Compounds 3.3.8.5.1. from Reactions of Arsines. 3.3.8.5.2. from Reactions of Arsonic Acids, Arsinic Acids and Arsine Oxides. 3.3.8.5.3. from Compounds Containing As - E Bonds: E = N, S, Halogen or Pseudohalogen 3.3.9. Formation of the S - As, Se - As and Te - As Bonds 3.3.9.1. from the Elements or Their Inorganic Compounds. 3.3.9.2. from Organometallic Derivatives. 3.3.9.3. by Miscellaneous Methods. 3.3.10. Formation of the O - Sb and O - Bi Bonds 3.3.10.1. from the Elements and Simple Binary Compounds. 3.3.10.2. from Organometallic Derivatives of Bismuth. 3.3.10.3. O - Sb Bonds by Solvolytic Reactions. 3.3.10.4. O - Sb Bonds by Synthesis of Organoantimony Compounds. 3.3.11. Formation of the S - Sb, Se - Sb and Te - Sb Bonds 3.3.11.1. from the Element and Its Simple Binary Compounds. 3.3.11.2. from Organoantimony Compounds. 3.4. Formation of the Group VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po) Group IVB (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) Element Bond 3.4.1. Introduction 3.4.2. from the Elements 3.4.2.1. by Reactions of Dioxygen 3.4.2.1.1. with Carbon. 3.4.2.1.2. with Silicon. 3.4.2.1.3. with Germanium. 3.4.2.1.4. with Tin. 3.4.2.1.5. with Lead. 3.4.2.2. by Reaction of Sulfur with the Group IVB Elements 3.4.2.2.1. with Carbon. 3.4.2.2.2. with Silicon. 3.4.2.2.3. with Germanium. 3.4.2.2.4. with Tin. 3.4.2.2.5. with Lead. 3.4.2.3. by Reaction of Selenium, Tellurium or Polonium with the Group IVB Elements (Excluding Carbon) 3.4.2.3.1. with Silicon. 3.4.2.3.2. with Germanium. 3.4.2.3.3. with Tin. 3.4.2.3.4. with Lead. 3.4.3. by Reaction Between the Group VIB Elements and Compounds of Group IVB 3.4.3.1. by Reactions of Dioxygen 3.4.3.1.1. with C - H Bonds. 3.4.3.1.2. with Si - H Bonds. 3.4.3.1.3. with Ge - H, Sn - H and Pb - H Bonds. 3.4.3.1.4. with Si - Si Bonds. 3.4.3.1.5. with Ge - Ge, Sn - Sn and Pb - Pb Bonds. 3.4.3.1.6. with Si - N, Si - P, Si - As and Si - Sb Bonds. 3.4.3.1.7. with Bonds Between Ge, Sn or Pb and N, P, As or Sb (Excluding PbN Compounds). 3.4.3.1.8. with Metal Derivatives of the Group IVB Elements. 3.4.3.2. by Reactions of Elemental Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium 3.4.3.2.1. with C - H Bonds (excluding Se and Te). 3.4.3.2.2. with Si - H Bonds. 3.4.3.2.3. with Ge - H and Sn - H Bonds. 3.4.3.2.4. with GeGe, SnSn and PbPb Bonds (Excluding Tellurium). 3.4.3.2.5. with Bonds Between Si, Ge or Sn and P (S and Se Only). 3.4.3.2.6. with Metal Derivatives of the Group IVB Elements. 3.4.3.2.7. with Other Substances. 3.4.4. by Reactions Between Group VIB Hydrides and Group IVB Compounds 3.4.4.1. by Reactions of OH Groups 3.4.4.1.1. with Group IVB Hydrogen Bonds. 3.4.4.1.2. with Group IVB Group IVB Bonds. 3.4.4.1.3. with Group IVB Group VB Bonds. 3.4.4.1.4. with Group IVB Group VIB Bonds. 3.4.4.1.5. with Group IVB Group VIIB Bonds. 3.4.4.1.6. with Metal Derivatives of the Group IVB Elements. 3.4.4.2. by Reactions of SH, SeH, or TeH Bonds 3.4.4.2.1. with Group IVB Hydrogen Bonds. 3.4.4.2.2. with Group IVB Group IVB Bonds. 3.4.4.2.3. with Group IVB Group VB Bonds. 3.4.4.2.4. with Group IVB Group VIB Bonds. 3.4.4.2.5. with Group IVB Group VIIB Bonds. 3.4.4.3. by Metal Derivatives of the Group VIB Elements 3.4.4.3.1. with Group IVB Hydrogen Bonds. 3.4.4.3.2. with Group IVB Group IVB Bonds. 3.4.4.3.3. with Group IVB Group VIB Bonds. 3.4.4.3.4. with Group IVB Group VIIB Bonds. 3.4.5. by Cleavage of Group VIB Halogen Bonds. 3.4.6. by Other Reactions 3.4.6.1. To Form Complexes. 3.4.6.2. with Nonmetal - Group VIB Compounds 3.4.6.3. Reactions of Peroxide Derivatives. 3.4.6.4. by Cleavage of Ether Linkages. 3.4.6.5. by Cleavage of C = O, C = S. 3.4.6.6. by Thermal Rearrangements. 3.5. Formation of the Group VIB (O, S, Se. Te, Po) Group IIIB (B, AI, Ga, In, TI) Element Bonds 3.5.1. Introduction 3.5.2. from the Elements 3.5.2.1. Forming Group IIIB Group VIB Bonds 3.5.2.1.1. To Form Group IIIB O Bonds. 3.5.2.1.2. To Form Group IIIB S Bonds. 3.5.2.1.3. To Form Group IIIB Se Bonds. 3.5.2.1.4. To Form Group IIIB Te Bonds. 3.5.2.1.5. To Form Group IIIB Po Bonds. 3.5.3. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds 3.5.3.1. with Group IIIB Hydrides 3.5.3.1.1. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in EH2 and EnH2 3.5.3.1.2. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in REH and REnH 3.5.3.1.3. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in XEH. 3.5.3.1.4. from Anions Derived from EH2 and EnH2 3.5.3.1.5. from Anions Derived from REH and REnH 3.5.3.1.6. from Anions Derived from XEH. 3.5.3.2. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds and Group IIIB Halides 3.5.3.2.1. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in EH2 and EnH2. 3.5.3.2.2. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in REH and REnH. 3.5.3.2.3. by Reaction of Group IIIB Halides with Group VIB Hydrogen Compounds. 3.5.3.2.4. from Anions Derived from EH2, EnH2, REH, REnH and XEH. 3.5.3.3. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds and Group IIIB Oxygen Bonds 3.5.3.3.1. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in EH2 and EnH2 3.5.3.3.2. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in REH 3.5.3.3.3. from Anions Derived from EH2. 3.5.3.3.4. from Anions Derived from REH and XEH. 3.5.3.4. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds and Group IIIB Sulfur and Selenium Bonds 3.5.3.4.1. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in EH2 and EnH2. 3.5.3.4.2. from Group VI Hydrogen Bonds in REH. 3.5.3.4.3. from Anions Derived from EH2. 3.5.3.4.4. from Anions Derived from EH2, REH, or XEH. 3.5.3.5. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds and Group IIIB Nitrogen Bonds 3.5.3.5.1. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in EH2 and EnH2. 3.5.3.5.2. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in REH. 3.5.3.6. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds and Group IIIB Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony Bonds 3.5.3.6.1. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in EH2 and EnH2. 3.5.3.6.2. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in REH and XEH. 3.5.3.7. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds and Group IIIB Group IVB Bonds 3.5.3.7.1. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in EH2. 3.5.3.7.2. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds in REH and XEH. 3.5.3.8. from Group VIB Hydrogen Bonds and Group IIIB Group IIIB Bonds. 3.5.4. from Group VIB Halogen Bonds. 3.5.5. from Group VIB Oxygen Bonds 3.5.5.1. from Group VIB Oxygen Bonds and Group IIIB Hydrogen Bonds 3.5.5.1.1. from O2. 3.5.5.1.2. from SO2. 3.5.5.2. from Group VIB Oxygen Bonds and Group IIIB Halogen Bonds 3.5.5.2.1. from O2. 3.5.5.2.2. from O2. 3.5.5.2.3. from SO2. 3.5.5.2.4. from SO3. 3.5.5.2.5. from (RO)2SO. 3.5.5.2.6. from (RO)2SO2. 3.5.5.2.7. from C6H5SO2Cl. 3.5.5.2.8. from TeO2. 3.5.5.3. from Group VIB Oxygen Bonds and Group IIIB Group VIB Bonds 3.5.5.3.1. from O2. 3.5.5.3.2. from SO2. 3.5.5.3.3. from C6H5SOCH3. 3.5.5.3.4. from TeO2. 3.5.5.4. from Group VIB Oxygen Bonds and Group IIIB Group VB Bonds 3.5.5.4.1. from O2. 3.5.5.4.2. from SO2, SO3 and C6H5SOCH3. 3.5.5.5. from Group VIB Oxygen Bonds and Group IIIB Carbon Bonds 3.5.5.5.1. from O2. 3.5.5.5.2. from SO2. 3.5.5.5.3. from SO3. 3.5.6. from Group VIB Group VB Bonds 3.5.6.1. from Group VIB Nitrogen Bonds and Group IIIB Compounds 3.5.6.1.1. from NO. 3.5.6.1.2. from N2O3. 3.5.6.1.3. from N2O4 and NO2. 3.5.6.1.4. from N2O5. 3.5.6.1.5. from RNO. 3.5.6.1.6. from (CH3)3NO. 3.5.6.1.7. from (CH3)3NO.2 H2O. 3.5.6.2. from Group VIB Phosphorus Bonds and Group IIIB Compounds 3.5.6.2.1. from R3PO. 3.5.6.2.2. from (RO)2POH. 3.5.6.2.3. from (RO)3P. 3.5.6.2.4. from (RO)3PO. 3.5.6.3. from Group VIB Arsenic and Antimony Bonds 3.5.6.3.1. from AS2O3. 3.5.6.3.2. from Sb2O3 and Sb2O5. 3.5.6.3.3. from As2S3 and Sb2S3. 3.5.6.3.4. from (CF3)2AsOR. 3.5.6.3.5. from (CH3)3SbS. 3.5.7. from Group VIB Group IVB Bonds 3.5.7.1. from Group VIB Carbon Bonds 3.5.7.1.1. and Group IIIB Hydrides. 3.5.7.1.2. and Group IIIB Halides. 3.5.7.2. from Group VIB Silicon Bonds and Group IIIB Compounds 3.6. Formation of the Group VIB (O, S, Se, Te, Po) Group lA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr) or Group IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) Bond 3.6.1. Introduction 3.6.2. from the Elements 3.6.2.1. Synthesis of Oxygen Compounds 3.6.2.1.1. of Normal Oxides. 3.6.2.1.2. of Peroxides and Superoxides. 3.6.2.1.3. of Alkoxides. 3.6.2.1.4. of Suboxides. 3.6.2.2. Synthesis of Sulfides 3.6.2.2.1. of Group IA. 3.6.2.2.2. of Group IIA. 3.6.2.3. Synthesis of Selenides and Tellurides 3.6.2.3.1. of Group IA. 3.6.2.3.2. of Group IIA. 3.6.3. Other Syntheses 3.6.3.1. of Oxygen Compounds 3.6.3.1.1. of Normal Oxides. 3.6.3.1.2. of Peroxides. 3.6.3.1.3. of Alkoxides. 3.6.3.1.4. of Ozonides. 3.6.3.2. of Sulfides 3.6.3.2.1. of Group IA. 3.6.3.2.2. of Group IIA. 3.6.3.3. of Selenides and Tellurides 3.6.3.3.1. of Group IA. 3.6.3.3.2. of Group IIA. List of Abbreviations Author Index Compound Index Subject Index
