Future wireless communication systems should be operating mainly, if not completely, on burst data services carrying multimedia traffic.The need to support high-speed burst traffic has already posed a great challenge to all currently available air-link technologies based either on TDMA or CDMA.The first generation CDMA technology has been used in both 2G and 3G mobile cellular standards and it has been suggested that it is not suitable for high-speed burst-type traffic. There are many problems with the first generation CDMA technology, such as its low spreading efficiency, interference-limited capacity and the need for precision power control, etc... 'The Next Generation Technologies' will offer first-hand information on how to make use of various innovative technologies to implement the next generation CDMA technology.
As an all-in-one reference for telecommunications engineers, advanced R & D personnels, undergraduate and postgraduate students, this book is must-read material.
- Addresses various important issues about the next generation CDMA technologies as the major air-link technology for beyond 3G wireless applications.
- Covers topics from next generation CDMA system modelling to analytical methodology, starting with the basics and progressing to advanced research topics.
- Contains many new and previously unpublished research results.
- Introduces many innovative CDMA technologies such as DS/CC-CDMA, OS/CC-CDMA, space-time complementary coding CDMA, M-ary CDMA, optical complementary coded CDMA, etc.
Table of Contents:
Preface ix
About the Author xi
1 Introduction 1
2 Basics of CDMA Communications 9
2.1 CDMA Codes and Their Properties 12
2.2 Direct Sequence CDMA Techniques 17
2.3 Frequency Hopping CDMA Techniques 34
2.4 Time Hopping CDMA Techniques 42
2.5 Spread Spectrum or Time? 44
2.6 Characteristic Features of CDMA Systems 45
2.7 Multi-Code and M-ary CDMA Techniques 60
2.8 Multi-Carrier CDMA Systems 68
2.9 OFDM CDMA Techniques 70
3 CDMA-Based 2G and 3G Systems 75
3.1 EIA/TIA IS-95 System 76
3.2 ETSI WCDMA System 95
3.3 Discussion: Lessons to Learn 131
4 Technical Limitations of Traditional CDMA Technology 135
4.1 Problems with Traditional CDMA Codes 135
4.2 Spreading Modulations 150
4.3 Scrambling Techniques 156
4.4 Near-Far Effect 157
4.5 Asynchronous Transmissions in Uplink Channels 159
4.6 Random Signs in Consecutive Symbols 161
4.7 Multipath Interference 162
4.8 High-Speed Bursty-Type Traffic 164
4.9 Rate-Matching Problems 165
4.10 Asymmetric Data Rate in Up- and Down-Links 166
4.11 Sensitivity to Time-Selective Fading 167
4.12 Impaired Power-Efficiency Due to MAI 168
5 What is Next Generation CDMA Technology? 177
5.1 Application Scenarios 184
5.2 Innovative Spreading Modulations 200
5.3 Isotropic MAI-Free and MI-Free Operation 213
5.4 Bandwidth Efficiency Versus Power Efficiency 218
5.5 High Speed Burst Data Access and Next Generation CDMA 222
5.6 Integration of MIMO and CDMA Technologies 225
5.7 M-ary CDMA Technologies 227
6 Complementary Codes 229
6.1 Magic Power of Complementary Codes 230
6.2 Different Types of Complementary Codes 230
6.3 Generation of Complementary Codes 245
7 CDMA Systems Based on Complementary Codes 275
7.1 Direct Sequence Spreading and DS/CC-CDMA Systems 276
7.2 Offset Stacking Spreading and OS/CC-CDMA Systems 297
8 Integration of Space-Time Coding with CC-CDMA Technologies 313
8.1 Motivations 314
8.2 STCC DS/CC-CDMA System Model 314
8.3 Properties of Orthogonal Complementary Codes 318
8.4 Dual Transmitter Antennas 322
8.5 Arbitrary Number of Transmitter Antennas 325
8.6 Results and Discussions on STCC DS/CC-CDMA 327
8.7 Summary on STCC DS/CC-CDMA 331
8.8 Why STCC OS/CC-CDMA? 331
8.9 STCC OS/CC-CDMA System Model 333
8.10 Slow Flat Fading Channels 336
8.11 Frequency-Selective Fading Channels 340
8.12 Results and Discussions on STCC OS/CC-CDMA 343
8.13 Summary on STCC OS/CC-CDMA 346
9 M-ary CDMA Technologies 349
9.1 BPSK M-ary CDMA System Model 350
9.2 BPSK M-ary CDMA Constellation Optimization 352
9.3 Preliminaries for Performance Analysis 355
9.4 MAI Analysis 356
9.5 BER Analysis for BPSK M-ary CDMA 361
9.6 Results and Discussion 363
9.7 Summary 366
10 Next Generation Optical CDMA Communications 369
10.1 Peculiarities in Optical Communications 369
10.2 Previous Research on OCDMA Communications 371
10.3 Existing Sequences for Optical CDMA 373
10.4 Complementary Codes for OCDMA 379
A Relation between Periodic and Aperiodic Correlation Functions 401
B Proof of Flock-wise Orthogonality of CC Codes 409
C Proof of n-Chip Orthogonality of CC Codes 415
D Proof of Equation (8.27) 419
E List of Complete Complementary Codes (PG = 8 ∼ 512) 421
F List of Super Complementary Codes (PG = 4 ∼ 64) 427
References 439
Index 451
About the Author :
Professor HH Chen is the Director of the Institute of Communications Engineering at the National Sun Yat-Sen University in Taiwan. He is also an Honorable Guest Professor at Zhejiang University in China and a Visiting Professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. Dr. Chen received his BSc and MSc degrees from Zhejiang University, China, and his PhD degree from the University of Oulu, Finland, in 1982, 1985 and 1990, respectively, all in Electrical Engineering. Since then he has held a number of posts within academia in Finland, Taiwan, Germany, Japan and Hong Kong. His research efforts in spread spectrum and CDMA communication systems has resulted in nine US, Finnish and Taiwanese patents, most of which have been licensed to industry for commercial applications. He has served and been serving as the Editor of the special issues of IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications and is a recipient of the numerous research and teaching Awards from the National Science Council, the Ministry of Education and other professional associations in Taiwan. He has recently become the Editor for Asia & the Pacific for the Wiley journal Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing.
