Powder Technology and Pharmaceutical Processes: (v.9 Handbook of Powder Technology)

This volume offers a multidisciplinary approach to the operations most commonly used in processing solids in the field of pharmacy and also in the fields of fine chemicals, cosmetics, foods, etc. The authors combine the triple standpoint of formulation, physical characterization of materials and process engineering and have selected the basic facts needed to understand the phenomena by which molecules become particles, particles become granules and granules become tablets, extrudates, microcapsules, etc. These operations are then described in very practical terms, including assessment of their effectiveness and limitations, and critical steps are highlighted. About 20 operations carried out on divided solids are described, ranging from crystallization to formulation, in a manner intended to be within the grasp of all involved: it is not a book solely for specialists, but offers a multidisciplinary background and a methodological help to progress. The first six chapters are devoted to theoretical aspects of thermodynamics, kinetics, characterization and sampling of powder in order to clarify the conversions described in the chapters which follow. The remaining nine chapters describe the formation of particles, their drying, granulation, mixing compression and finally dissolution. Specific operations such as dehydration/impregnation, spherical crystallization and the series of operations involved in micro-encapsulation are also treated. The behaviour of particulate materials is of interest to formulation scientists as well as to physical chemists and process engineers. This book offers them a concise and effective account, including their various points of view and highlights the importance of the physical approach. The essential and innovatory interactions between materials and processes are described which are necessary in choosing the correct scale of observation, the appropriate parameters and the right measurements in order to prepare the right material for the expected function, by appropriate formulation and/or process methods.

Table of Contents:
Part 1 Background to pharmaceutical engineering: sampling, M. Deleuil; physico-chemical transformations of powders, M. Soustelle; structure and texture of solids, G. Thomas; surface-activity of water, J. Yvon et al; particle and powder dynamics, M. Deleuil et al; motion, heat and mass transfers, C. Laguerie. Part 2 Powders and multiphase product processes: crystallization, R. David and D. Giron; drying, G. Rios et al - drying operations, G. Rios, dewatering and impregnation soaking processes ("DIS processes"), A.L. Raoult-Wack, freeze-drying, R. Bentejac, fluid bed drying, R. Joulie; storage, feeding, proportioning, D. Schulze, pneumatic conveying, P. Hilgraf; mixing, J. Bridgwater; granulation and coating, Z.D. Ormos, moist agglomeration of pharmaceutical powders (size enlargement of particulate material), the production of granules by moist agglomeration of powders in mixers/kneaders, H. Leuenberger; extrusion/spheronisation, J.M. Newton; assessment of powder compaction, E. Doelker, tabletting - an industrial view point, A. Lewis and G. Simpkin; new processes - application of spherical crystallization to particulate design of pharmaceuticals for direct tabletting and coating, and new drug delivery systems, Y. Kawashima, microencapsulation processes for the manufacture of systems providing modified release of the active constituent, H. Porte and G. Couarraze; dissolution and powder technology, W.A. Hanson; tentative conclusions, M. Deleuil.