Supercritical Fluid Technology: (Process Technology Proceedings S.)

This book presents the state-of-the-art in the science and technology of supercritical fluid (SCF) processing, reporting developments from 1981 to the end of 1984. Current research, as described in the book, focuses on developments in equations of state for binary and multicomponent mixtures (including polymer solutions), solubility measurements at near-critical conditions, measurements of critical properties of binary mixtures and their correlation with equations of state. Progress in thermodynamics, coupled with advances in the design and construction of high pressure equipment, has opened up a wide avenue of commercial application. The papers in this book are grouped under the following headings: Thermodynamic modeling of supercritical fluids, experimental data and techniques, process development and energy-related applications, and special applications. They will be of interest to researchers in industry and academia, to chemical engineers, scientists associated with chemical companies, food processors, flavour and other chemical manufacturers.

Table of Contents:
1. Thermodynamic Modeling of Supercritical Fluids. Fundamental thermodynamics of supercritical extraction (SCE) (K.E. Starling et al.). Thermodynamic anomalies in SCF mixtures (G. Morrison et al.). Theory of the pressure effect in dense gas extraction (S. Kim et al.). A modification of the random-fluid approximation for solid-supercritical fluid equilibria (G.J. Mart, K.D. Papadopoulos). Application of the group contribution equation of state to SCF extraction (E.A. Brignole et al.). Design of SCF-extraction processes using continuous thermodynamics (R.L. Cotterman et al.). 2. Experimental Data and Techniques. The influence of the solvent gas on solubility and selectivity in SCE (W.J. Schmitt, R.C. Reid). An experimental study of phase equilibria for isopropanol-water-CO 2 mixtures related to SCF extraction of organic compounds from aqueous solutions (M.E. Paulaitis et al.). Polymer solution-SCF phase behavior (A.K. McClellan et al.). Continuous-flow apparatus for measuring phase equilibria in supercritical gas-heavy hydrocarbon systems (M. Radosz). Micro-scale methods for characterizaation of SCF extraction and fractionation processes (R.D. Smith et al.). Binary diffusion in SCFs (P.G. Debenedetti, R.C. Reid). Mass transfer in gas extraction (G. Brunner). 3. Process Development and Energy-Related Applications. Process development and plant design for extraction with supercritical gases (H. Coenen et al.). Coal liquefaction with supercritical ammonia and amines (W.Y. Chen, F. Kazimi). Extraction of oil from Wyoming coal with aqueous solvents at elevated pressure (J.M.L. Penninger). Catalytic liquefaction of coal in supercritical tetralin (L.A. Amestica, E.E. Wolf). Application of SCF extraction in the hydroliquefaction of lignite (P.J. Gottsch et al.). SCF extraction of coal: development of a "second generation" process concept (A. Wilhelm, K. Hedden). 4. Special Applications. SCE of dixylenol sulfone (J.R. Patrick, F. Palmer). High pressure extraction of lignin from wood (R. Beer, S. Peter). Biomass hydrolysis with sulfur dioxide and water in the region of the critical point (J.R. Vick Roy, A.O. Converse). High pressure solid polymer-SCF phase behavior (I.S. Liau, M.A. McHugh). Reducing capillary condensation of paraffinic distillate in zeolite with SCF (P. Barton, T.J. Kasun). Entrainer selection in SCE (A.K. Sunol et al.).