Williams' Basic Nutrition & Diet Therapy

Stay up to date on the latest information in nutrition care with Williams' Basic Nutrition & Diet Therapy, 17th Edition. This leading text provides concise, need-to-know coverage of hot topics, emerging trends, and cutting-edge research to ensure you are equipped to make informed decisions on patient nutrition in the clinical space. A conversational writing style, vivid illustrations, and wide array of reader-friendly features connect the fundamental concepts of nutrition to the application of those concepts in clinical practice. The text is logically broken out into four parts: Part 1 introduces basic principles of nutrition science, including coverage of health promotion, vitamins, minerals, and other key foundational topics; Part 2 discusses human growth and development needs in different parts of the life cycle; Part 3 provides a strong focus on community nutrition, along with emphasis on weight management and physical fitness; Part 4 consists of a series of clinical nutrition chapters that reflect the latest medical nutrition therapy and approaches to patient education and care management. Clinical Judgment Case Studies with accompanying questions for analysis in the clinical care chapters focus attention on related patient care problems Cultural Considerations boxes discuss how a patient's culture can affect nutritional concepts in practice Clinical Applications and For Further Focus boxes highlight timely topics and analyze concepts and trends in depth Bulleted chapter summaries review highlights from the chapter and help you see how the chapter contributes to the book's "big picture" Diet therapy guidelines include recommendations, restrictions, and sample diets for major clinical conditions Drug-Nutrient Interactions boxes highlight important safety information and cover topics such as nutritional supplements for athletics, drugs interfering with vitamin absorption, and over-the-counter weight loss aids Key terms and definitions clarify terminology and concepts critical to understanding and application of the material UPDATED! Clinical guidelines align with the most recent recommendations, preparing you to implement best practices UPDATED! Images and figures visually reinforce key concepts UPDATED! Coverage of Healthy People 2030 and the 2023 DRI's for Energy bring you the latest objectives, formulas, and examples UPDATED! Revised case studies and content reflect the diverse cultural backgrounds you may encounter in practice, encouraging culturally sensitive approaches to care EXPANDED! Discussions of key concepts backed by current longitudinal studies provide a stronger empirical foundation for decision-making UPDATED! Statistics throughout the text reflect the most recently available data at the time of publication

Table of Contents:
PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NUTRITION SCIENCE 1 Food Nutrition and Health Health Promotion Basic Definitions Importance of a Balanced Diet Functions of Nutrients Energy Sources Tissue Building Regulation and Control States of Nutrition Optimal Nutrition Malnutrition Nutrient and Food Guides for Health Nutrient Standards Food Guides and Recommendations Individual Needs 2 Carbohydrates Nature of Carbohydrates Dietary Importance Structure and Classes of Carbohydrates Functions of Carbohydrates Energy Source Metabolic Regulator Food Sources of Carbohydrates Starches Sugars Digestion of Carbohydrates Mouth Stomach Small Intestine Recommendations for Dietary Carbohydrates Dietary Reference Intakes Dietary Guidelines for Americans MyPlate 3 Fats Nature of Fats Dietary Importance Structure and Classes of Fats Functions of Fat Fat in Food Fat in the Body Food Sources of Fat Fatty Acid Composition Physical Characteristics of Food Fat Food Label Information Digestion of Fats Mouth Stomach Small Intestine Recommendations for Dietary Fat Health Problems Health Promotion Dietary Reference Intakes Dietary Guidelines for Americans MyPlate 4 Proteins Nature of Protein Dietary Importance Structure and Classes of Protein Functions of Protein Tissue Building Additional Body Functions Food Sources of Protein Animal Protein Plant Protein Digestion of Protein Mouth Stomach Small Intestine Recommendations for Dietary Protein Influential Factors of Protein Needs Dietary Deficiency or Excess Dietary Guides 5 Digestion Absorption and Metabolism Digestion Basic Principles Mechanical and Chemical Digestion Digestion in the Mouth and Esophagus Digestion in the Stomach Digestion in the Small Intestine Absorption and Transport Absorption in the Small Intestine Absorption in the Large Intestine Transport Metabolism Catabolism and Anabolism Energy Density Storing Extra Energy Errors in Digestion and Metabolism Inborn Errors of Metabolism Intolerances and Allergies 6 Energy Balance Human Energy System Energy Needs Measurement of Energy Fuel for Energy Energy Balance Energy Intake Energy Output Recommendations for Dietary Energy Intake Energy Needs Through the Life Cycle Dietary Reference Intakes Dietary Guidelines for Americans MyPlate 7 Vitamins The Nature of Vitamins Definition Functions of Vitamins Vitamin Metabolism Dietary Reference Intakes SECTION 1 FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS Vitamin A (Retinol) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin D (Calciferol) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin K (Phylloquinone) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability SECTION 2 WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin B9 (Folate) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Vitamin B7 (Biotin) Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability Choline Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources and Stability SECTION 3 PLANT NUTRIENTS AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION Phytochemicals Function Recommended Intake Food Sources Nutrient Supplementation Recommendations for Nutrient Supplementation Supplementation Principles Functional Foods 8 Minerals Nature of Minerals in Human Nutrition Definition Functions of Minerals Mineral Metabolism SECTION 1 MAJOR MINERALS Calcium Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources Phosphorus Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources Sodium Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources Potassium Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources Chloride Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources Magnesium Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources Sulfur Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources SECTION 2 TRACE MINERALS Iron Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources Iodine Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources Zinc Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources Selenium Functions Requirements Deficiency Toxicity Food Sources Other Essential Trace Minerals Fluoride Copper Manganese Molybdenum Chromium Additional Trace Minerals SECTION 3 MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION Life Cycle Needs Pregnancy and Lactation Adolescence Adulthood Clinical Needs 9 Water and Electrolyte Balance Water The Fundamental Nutrient Functions Requirements Dehydration Water Intoxication Water Balance The Solvent Solute Particles Separating Membranes Forces Moving Water and Solutes Across Membranes Capillary Fluid Shift Mechanism Organ System Circulation Hormonal Controls Acid-Base Balance Acids and Bases Buffer Systems Alkalosis and Acidosis PART 2 NUTRITION THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE 10 Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy Energy Needs Macronutrients Key Micronutrients Gestational Weight Gain Meal Planning and Lifestyle Considerations General Concerns Common Gastrointestinal Discomforts High-Risk Pregnancies Pregnancy Complications Lactation Trends The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Physiologic Process of Lactation Nutrition and Lifestyle Needs Long-Term Impacts of Feeding Methods Additional Resources 11 Nutrition During Infancy Childhood and Adolescence Growth and Development Life Cycle Growth Pattern Measuring Childhood Growth Nutrition Requirements for Growth Nutrition Requirements During Infancy Infant Classifications Considerations Regarding Feeding Premature Infants What How and When to Feed the Mature Infant Nutrition Requirements During Childhood Toddlers (1 to 3 Years Old) Preschool-Aged Children (3 to 5 Years Old) School-Aged Children (5 to 12 Years Old) Nutrition Problems During Childhood Nutrition Requirements During Adolescence (12 to 18 Years Old) Physical Growth Eating Patterns Disordered Eating 12 Nutrition for Adults The Early Middle and Later Years Adulthood Growth and Development Coming of Age in America Shaping Influences on Adult Growth and Development The Aging Process and Nutrition Needs Physiologic Changes Nutrition Requirements Clinical Needs of the Older Adult Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Chronic Diseases of Aging Community Resources Government Programs for Older Americans Professional Organizations and Resources Alternative Living Arrangements Congregate Care Arrangements Continuing Care Retirement Communities Assisted Living Facilities Nursing Homes PART 3 COMMUNITY NUTRITION AND HEALTH CARE 13 Community Food Supply and Health Food Safety and Health Promotion U S Food and Drug Administration Food Labels Food Technology Agricultural Pesticides Food Additives Foodborne Illness Prevalence Food Safety Food Contamination Food Needs and Costs Hunger and Malnutrition Food Assistance Programs Food Buying and Handling Practices 14 Weight Management Body Weight Spectrum Body Weight Versus Body Fat Body Composition Estimates of Ideal Weight Ranges Obesity and Health Causes of Obesity Individual Differences and Intense Weight Reduction Practices A Sound Weight Management Program Essential Characteristics Behavior Modification Dietary Modification Food Misinformation and Fads Food Fads What Is the Answer Underweight General Causes and Treatment Disordered Eating 15 Nutrition and Physical Fitness Physical Activity Recommendations and Benefits Guidelines and Recommendations Health Benefits Types of Physical Activity Meeting Personal Needs Dietary Needs During Exercise Muscle Action and Fuel General Training Diet Athletic Performance Carbohydrate Loading Pregame Meal Nutrition During Exercise Nutrition After Exercise Recovery Hydration Before During and After Exercise Ergogenic Aids and Misinformation PART 4 CLINICAL NUTRITION 16 Nutrition Support Nutrition Care Framework Setting and Focus of Care Health Care Team Phases of the Care Process Nutrition Assessment Nutrition Diagnosis Nutrition Intervention Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation Diet-Drug Interactions Drug-Food Interactions Drug-Nutrient Interactions Drug-Herb Interactions 17 Gastrointestinal and Accessory Organ Problems Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Mouth Esophagus Stomach and Duodenum Peptic Ulcer Disease Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders of the Small Intestine Disorders of the Large Intestine Food Intolerances and Allergies Food Intolerances Food Allergies Celiac Disease Gastrointestinal Accessory Organs Liver Disease Gallbladder Disease Pancreatitis 18 Coronary Heart Disease and Hypertension Coronary Heart Disease Atherosclerosis Acute Cardiovascular Disease Heart Failure Hypertension Incidence and Nature High Blood Pressure Levels Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hypertension Additional Lifestyle Modifications Education and Prevention Nutrition Education Principles of Education 19 Diabetes Mellitus The Nature of Diabetes Defining Factors Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and Glucose Intolerance Symptoms of Diabetes The Metabolic Pattern of Diabetes Energy Supply and Control of Blood Glucose Abnormal Metabolism in Diabetes With Hyperglycemia Long-Term Complications General Management of Diabetes Early Detection and Monitoring Goals of Care Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Eating Patterns and Nutrients Coordinating Nutrient Intake With Medications and Physical Activity 20 Kidney Disease Structure and Function of the Kidney Structure Function Disease Processes and Dietary Considerations General Causes of Kidney Disease Medical Nutrition Therapy in Kidney Disease Nephron Diseases Acute Glomerulonephritis or Nephritic Syndrome Nephrotic Syndrome Kidney Failure Acute Kidney Injury Chronic Kidney Disease End-Stage Renal Disease Kidney Stone Disease Disease Process Medical Nutrition Therapy for Nephrolithiasis 21 Surgery and Nutrition Support Nutrition Needs of General Surgery Patients Preoperative Nutrition Care Nutrient Reserves Postoperative Nutrition Care Nutrient Needs for Healing General Dietary Management Initial Intravenous Fluid and Electrolytes Methods of Nutrition Support Special Nutrition Needs After Gastrointestinal Surgery Mouth Throat and Neck Surgery Gastric Surgery Bariatric Surgery Gallbladder Surgery Intestinal Surgery Rectal Surgery Special Nutrition Needs for Patients With Burns Type and Extent of Burns Postburn Metabolic Phases Medical Nutrition Therapy for Patients With Major Burns 22 Nutrition Support in Cancer and HIV SECTION 1 CANCER Cancer Progression Cancer Cell Development The Body’s Defense System Nutrition Complications of Cancer Treatment Surgery Radiation Chemotherapy Drug-Nutrient Interactions Medical Nutrition Therapy in the Patient With Cancer Nutrition-Related Complications of Cancer Nutrition Care Plan Cancer Prevention Guidelines for Cancer Prevention Diets and Supplements SECTION 2 HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS Progression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Host-Dependent Replication Transmission and Stages of Disease Progression Medical Management of Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Initial Evaluation and Goals Drug Therapy Vaccine Development Medical Nutrition Therapy in the Patient With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nutrition-Related Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nutrition Care Plan Nutrition Counseling Education and Supportive Care References Further Reading and Resources Glossary Appendix A Answers to Chapter Review Questions Appendix B Dietary Reference Intakes Appendix C Average Sodium and Potassium Content of Foods 100 g Edible Portion