Stimulus-Response Compatibility Principles: Data, Theory, and Application

Understanding of the factors that influence stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility and determine when and how compatibility effects will arise is a necessary foundation for appropriately applying compatibility principles in design and for evaluating the relative compatibility of alternative designs. Summarizing the state of contemporary knowledge regarding determinants of compatibility, Stimulus-Response Compatibility Principles: Data, Theory, and Application provides thorough, up-to-date coverage of basic and applied research coupled with an emphasis on relating this knowledge to specific design guidelines. Examining a broad range of theoretical and applied issues from the compatibility perspective, the authors review basic research devoted to theoretical issues concerning S-R compatibility in particular and the relation between perception and action more generally. They cover effects of different S-R mappings in simple and complex tasks, factors that influence response-selection efficiency, correspondence effects of irrelevant stimulus information, compatibility effects for multiple and orthogonal dimensions, consequences of mixing mappings and tasks, practice and transfer effects, compatibility effects in multiple-task performance, and direction of motion stereotypes. The authors provide a thorough treatment of alternative views, contrasting and comparing their strengths and weaknesses. They provide guidelines that incorporate current knowledge about compatibility effects. Previous books on S-R compatibility have been edited works that contained detailed descriptions of the findings of various research programs across the world. Consequently, those books do not provide a cohesive overview of the range of research on compatibility effects, and the treatments they provide are not easy to comprehend by individuals who lack a background in the area. Making information accessible to a broad range of researchers and practitioners, this text organizes, summarizes, and integrates the vast amount of knowledge concerning S-R compatibility.

Table of Contents:
STIMULUS-RESPONSE COMPATIBILITY AND SELECTION OF ACTION: BASIC CONCEPTS Classic Studies Terminology and Distinctions Techniques for Studying S-R Compatibility Models for S-R Compatibility Effects FACTORS IN ADDITION TO S-R COMPATIBILITY THAT AFFECT RESPONSE-SELECTION EFFICIENCY The Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff Uncertainty and Number of Alternatives Response-Precuing Effects Sequential Effects Influence of Practice on Set-Size Effects and Sequence Learning BASIC STIMULUS-RESPONSE COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS Spatial Stimuli and Responses Verbal and Nonverbal S-R Modes Other Element-Level S-R Compatibility Effects CORRESPONDENCE OF IRRELEVANT STIMULUS INFORMATION AND RESPONSES: THE SIMON EFFECT Spatial Stimuli and Responses Verbal and Nonverbal S-R Modes Simon-Type Effects for Other Stimulus and Response Dimensions S-R COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL STIMULUS AND RESPONSE SETS Two-Dimensional Nonspatial Stimuli Mapped to Keypress Responses The Right-Left Prevalence Effect for Two-Dimensional Spatial Stimuli and Responses Simon Effects for Two-Dimensional Spatial Stimuli and Responses Static and Dynamic Dimensions Judgment and Decision-Making REVERSING THE SIMON EFFECT FOR IRRELEVANT LOCATION The Hedge and Marsh Reversal Manipulating Percentages of Corresponding and Noncorresponding Trials Effects of Intermixed Location-Relevant Mappings Transfer from a Prior Spatial Mapping to the Simon Task CONSEQUENCES OF MIXED MAPPINGS AND TASKS Mixing Compatible and Incompatible Mappings in Spatial Choice Tasks Mixing Nonspatial S-R Mappings Accounts for Elimination of the S-R Compatibility Effect with Mixed Mappings Mixing Location-Relevant and -Irrelevant Trials: The S-R Compatibility Effect Accounts for the Elimination of S-R Compatibility Effects with Mixed Location-Relevant and -Irrelevant Trials Comparison of Mixed Mappings and Trial Types A Negative Correspondence Effect for Masked Stimuli COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS FOR ORTHOGONAL DIMENSIONS Up-Right/Down-Left Mapping Advantage Influences of Hand, Hand Posture, and Response Eccentricity on Orthogonal S-R Compatibility Correspondence of Asymmetric Codes as a General Principle of Binary-Choice Reactions Tasks with More than Two Alternatives POPULATION STEREOTYPES FOR DIRECTION OF MOTION AND COLOR, WORD, AND PICTURE ASSOCIATIONS Linear Display Indicators and their Relations to Controls Rotary Displays and their Controls Other Population Stereotypes STIMULUS-RESPONSE COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS IN DUAL-TASK PERFORMANCE The PRP Effect and the Central Bottleneck Model Simon Effects for Irrelevant Stimulus Location Consistency of Mappings Crosstalk between Tasks Can the Bottleneck Be Bypassed? MODELS OF STIMULUS-RESPONSE COMPATIBILITY EFFECTS The Algorithmic Model of S-R Compatibility Salient Features Coding Perspective A Computational Model of the Simon Effect The Dimensional Overlap Model The Theory of Event Coding The Ecological Approach INCORPORATING S-R COMPATIBILITY IN DESIGN Proximity Compatibility and Stimulus-Central Processing-Response Compatibility Guidelines for Compatibility Effects in Interface Design Naïve and Experienced Judgments References Index