Brain and Behaviour: Critical Concepts in Psychology(Critical Concepts in Psychology)

Brain damage often has tragic consequences, and as a result we are becoming increasingly aware of the relationship between brain and cognition. Ever increasing numbers of neuropsychologists are studying the effects of the brain on behaviour and these four volumes present papers on this relationship from the onset of this field of study in the mid-nineteenth century to the present day. Brain and Behaviour reveals the history of the study of brain and cognition that goes back much further than the rapid advances of the last twenty years. This study has had a profound impact on the way psychologists and other cognitive scientists construct their models of mental functions and how the brain is related to these functions. In historical terms, the mid-nineteenth century is given as the time of the start of recent interest in the relationship between brain and behaviour as it is the time when the French physician Paul Broca performed an autopsy which revealed that the brain was critically involved in speech production. Since then further profound observations and theoretical insights have continued to add to the growing debate. The papers contained here are selected by the influence they have had on following developments and therefore are the first expression of those ideas resulting in a good number of the papers originating from the early twentieth and even nineteenth century. The papers are primarily concerned with behaviour rather than neuroanatomy and are devoted to those areas which give rise to debate and those which were influential in making the link between brain and behaviour. Brain and Behaviour will allow researchers and readers to make up their own minds about the quality of the evidence in a compilation that spans many areas of cognition.

Table of Contents:

VOLUME I Section One: Modular Function 1. Rediscovery of Leborgne’s brain: Anatomical description with CT scan 2. The return of Phineas Gage: Clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient 33. On aphasia 4. Size vs intensity as a determinant of attention 5. On “crossed” aphasia 6. Dominant hemispherectomy: Preliminary report on neuropsychological sequelae 7. A study of gnosis, praxis and language following section of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure 8. Psychological defects produced by temporal lobe excision 9. Observations on visual perception after disconnexion of the cerebral hemispheres in man 10. Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man Section Two: Perception 11. Disturbances of vision by cerebral lesions 12. Partial cortical blindness with preservation o f color vision 13. Dissociation of visual perceptions due to occipital injuries, with especial reference to appreciation of movement 14. Selective disturbance of movement vision after bilateral brain damage 15. Residual visual function after brain wounds involving the central visual pathways in man 16. Lissauer on agnosia 17. Visual apperceptive agnosia: A clinico-anatomical study of three cases 18. Balint syndrome (psychic paralysis of visual fixation) and its minor forms 19. Simultanagnosia 20. A case of integrative visual agnosia 21. Bodamer’s (1947) paper on prosopagnosia 22. Autonomic recognition of names and faces in prosopagnosia: A neuropsychological application of the guilty knowledge test 23. Face recognition without awareness 24. Capgras syndrome: A reduplicative phenomenon

VOLUME II Section Three: Memory 25. On a case of sudden and isolated suppression of the mental vision of signs and objects (forms and colours) 26. The neurological basis of mental imagery: A componential analysis 27. S.S. Korsakoff’s psychic disorder in conjunction with peripheral neuritis 28. Location of lesions in LorsakofFs syndrome: Neuropsychological and neuropathological data on two patients 29. Observations during transient global amnesia 30. Loss of recent memory after bilateral hippocampal lesions 31. New method of testing long-term retention with special reference to amnesic patients 32. Preserved learning and retention of pattern-analyzing skill in amnesia: Dissociation of knowing how and knowing that 33. Towards a neurodynamic analysis of memory disturbances with lesions of the left temporal lobe34. Short-term memory impairment and spontaneous speech 35. Fractionation of working memory: Neuropsychological evidence for a phonological short-term store Section Four: Object Knowledge 36. Perceptual and associative disorders of visual recognition 37. An annotated translation of Lewandowsky (1908) 38. Specific semantic word categories in aphasia 39. The selective impairment of semantic memory 40. Category specific impairments 41. Evidence for modality-specific meaning systems in the brain 42. Generating proper names: A case of selective inability 43. A visual-speech disconnexion syndrome 44. Spared naming without comprehension

VOLUME III Section Five: Language 45. Neurology: Recent contributions on aphasia by C. Wernicke (1886) 46. Introduction to Byrom Bramwell’s (1897) case of word meaning deafness 47. On aphasia and its relations to perception by Grashey (1885) 48. Patterns of paralexia: a psycholinguistic approach 49. Letter-by-letter reading: Psychological descriptions of a neurologial (sic) syndrome50. Lexical or orthographic agraphia 51. Color-naming defects in association with alexia 52. Syntactic and semantic errors in paralexia 53. Dissociation of algorithmic and heuristic processes in language comprehension: Evidence from aphasia 54. On the basis for the agrammatic’s difficulty in producing main verbs 55. Cognitive processes in verbal-number production: Inferences from the performance of brain-damaged subjects 56. Dysprosody or altered “melody of language” 57. Left-hemisphere control of oral and brachial movements and their relation to communication 58. Biological foundations of language: Clues from sign language

VOLUME IV Section Six: Motor Action and Space 59. Object vision and spatial vision: Two cortical pathways 120960. Effects of parietal injury on covert orienting of attention 61. Visual disorientation with special reference to lesions of the right cerebral hemisphere 62. Mechanisms underlying hemispatial neglect 63. Unilateral neglect of representational space64. Separate pathways for perception and action 65. Optic ataxia: A specific disruption in visuomotor mechanisms 66. Disorders of visual space associated with lesions of the right cerebral hemisphere 67. Ideational apraxia, Section Seven: Higher Mental Functions 68. From theory to practice: The unconventional contribution of Gottleib Burckhardt to psychosurgery69. Differential behavioral effects in frontal lobe disease 70. “Utilization behaviour” and its relation to lesions of the frontal lobes 71. The involvement of the frontal lobes in cognitive estimation 72. The significance of the frontal lobes for mental performances 73. Preliminary analysis of grouping behavior in patients with cerebral injury by the method of equivalent and non-equivalent stimuli 74. A simple objective technique for measuring flexibility in thinking 75. Deficits in strategy application following frontal lobe damage in man76. Willed action and the prefrontal cortex in man: A study with PET.