Integrated Circuit Design and Technology: (18 Tutorial Guides in Electronic Engineering)

This book is about integrated circuit design and its fundamentals in the silicon industry. It is not intended as a design manual, but as a background to designing with the aid of CAD (computer aided design) tools. Recently "application-specific" integrated circuits have become key components in electronic products of all types and this book takes the view that an educated engineer should understand at least the fundamentals of circuit and fabrication technologies that have an impact on design and underlie all design decisions. The author attempts to fit integrated circuit design into a framework based on developments in silicon technology and uses this as an opportunity for bringing together interests in semiconductors, digital and analogue circuits and systems. Although intended as an introductory guide to this subject, the book does assume a basic knowledge of the background of digital and circuit electronics such as most students acquire in the first year of a degree or higher certificate course. The fundamentals of MOS circuits are discussed and this discussion can be regarded as background for semi-custom or the basis of full-custom design. The early chapters are on IC device structures and how they are made on silicon. The core of the book describes the essential steps in both semi-custom and full-custom design and the use and features of the CAD tools required to turn a chip specification into a verified, testable circuit on silicon. Emphasis is placed on digital CMOS circuits and their design which are most likely to be met in practice, but the book also includes an introduction to analogue CMOS design for mixed analogue - digital circuits and a chapter on the background of bipolar circuits.

Table of Contents:
Part 1 Integrated circuits - complexity and design: what is an IC?; standard-product ICs and ASICs; the complexity of ICs; the problems of design; hierarchical design and CAD; semi-custom and full-custom design. Part 2 Integrated circuit components and structures: technology and design; silicon technology; integrated circuit components; device structures for ICs. Part 3 Integrated circuit fabrication processes: basic fabrication processes; integrated circuit fabrication processes; mask requirements for ICs; defects, yield and costs. Part 4 MOS circuits for digital ICs: practical digital circuits; the MOS transistor; static CMOS circuits; N-MOS circuits; MOS switches and bistables. Part 5 Bipolar circuits for digital ICs: the bipolar transistor; the bipolar transistor as a switch; transistor-transistor logic (TTL); emitter coupled logic (ECL); comparison of circuit technologies; combines bipolar/CMOS technology (BiCMOS). Part 6 ASIC and programmable IC technologies: use of ASICs in electronic systems; standard cell and gate array ASICs; programmable logic devices; reconfigurable gate arrays; comparison of ASIC and PLD technologies. Part 7 Digital systems design for ICs: system design and simulation; system and circuit timing; chip testing and testability. Part 8 Practical cell-based IC design: design practice; full-custom and semi-custom design; fundamental design decisions; semi-custom design flow; CAD tools for cell-based design; design exercise. Part 9 Full-custom circuit and layout design: full-custom design flow; logic design for full-custom ICs; floorplan design; circuit design and simulation; cell layout; CAD tools for layout. Part 10 CMOS circuits for full-custom and analogue ICs: static integrated-logic circuits; dynamics logic circuits; semi-custom analogue/digital ICs; full-custom analogue CMOS design. Part 11 VLSI design and future trends: the problems of VLSI design; technology trends. Appendices: depletion layer capacitance; DC analysis of the CMOS inverter; transient analysis of the CMOS inverter; bistables in CMOS integrated circuits; digital and analogue hardware functions; the level 1 "most spice" parameters.