Time-Domain Beamforming and Blind Source Separation: Speech Input in the Car Environment(3 Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering)

The development of computer and telecommunication technologies led to a revolutioninthewaythatpeopleworkandcommunicatewitheachother.One of the results is that large amount of information will increasingly be held in a form that is natural for users, as speech in natural language. In the presented work, we investigate the speech signal capture problem, which includes the separation of multiple interfering speakers using microphone arrays. Adaptive beamforming is a classical approach which has been developed since the seventies. However it requires a double-talk detector (DTD) that interrupts the adaptation when the target is active, since otherwise target cancelation occurs. The fact that several speakers may be active simulta- ouslymakesthisdetectiondi?cult,andifadditionalbackgroundnoiseoccurs, even less reliable. Our proposed approaches address this separation problem using continuous, uninterrupted adaptive algorithms. The advantage seems twofold:Firstly,thealgorithmdevelopmentismuchsimplersincenodetection mechanism needs to be designed and no threshold is to be tuned. Secondly, the performance may be improved due to the adaptation during periods of double-talk. In the ?rst part of the book, we investigate a modi?cation of the widely usedNLMSalgorithm,termedImplicitLMS(ILMS),whichimplicitlyincludes an adaptation control and does not require any threshold. Experimental ev- uations reveal that ILMS mitigates the target signal cancelation substantially with the distributed microphone array. However, in the more di?cult case of the compact microphone array, this algorithm does not su?ciently reduce the target signal cancelation. In this case, more sophisticated blind source se- ration techniques (BSS) seem necessary.

Table of Contents:
Account for Random Microstructure in Multiscale Models.- Multiscale Modeling of Tensile Failure in Fiber-Reinforced Composites.- Adaptive Concurrent Multi-Level Model for Multiscale Analysis of Composite Materials Including Damage.- Multiscale and Multi-Level Modeling of Composites.- A Micro-Mechanics-Based Notion of Stress for use in the Determination of Continuum-Level Mechanical Properties via Molecular Dynamics.- Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Deformation in Nanoscale Metallic Multilayered Composites.- Multiscale Modeling of Composites Using Analytical Methods.- Nested Nonlinear Multiscale Frameworks for the Analysis of Thick-Section Composite Materials and Sructures.- Predicting Thermooxidative Degradation and Performance of High-Temperature Polymer Matrix Composites.- Modeling of Stiffness, Strength, and Structure-Property Relationship in Crosslinked Silica Aerogel.- Multiscale Modeling of the Evolution of Damage in Heterogeneous Viscoelastic Solids.- Multiscale Modeling for Damage Analysis.- Hierarchical Modeling of Deformation of Materials from the Atomic to the Continuum Scale.