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Table of Contents:
Thematic Contents
Editing Skills: Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 ACTIVE READING
Learning to Be an Active Reader
Keeping a Journal
Previewing the Reading
Title
Author and Other Publication Facts
Visual Features and Supplements
Responses and Predictions
A First Reading
Staying Aware of Conventions
Subject
Main Idea or Thesis
Supporting Material
Patterns of Organization
Paragraphs
Transitions
A Sample Essay: Bob Greene, “Handled with Care”
Marking the Text
Clarifying Meaning
Using the Dictionary
Reading Aloud
Discussing
Rereading
Making Inferences and Associations
Reading between the Lines
Developing Inference Skills
Responding to Tone
Writing to Understand and Respond
Writing a Summary
Other Ways to Respond in Writing
Chapter 2 THE READING-WRITING CONNECTION
Writing in Response to Reading
Building an Essay
Finding Ideas
Devising a Working Thesis
Making a Plan
Composing a Draft
Improving the Draft
Targeting the Readers
Getting Feedback
Polishing the Final Draft
Sample Student Essay
TaraCoburn, “Someone to Help”
Resources for Writers on the Internet
Responding to a Reading
Russell Baker, “Learning to Write”
Suggestions for Writing
Chapter 3 STRATEGIES FOR CONVEYING IDEAS: NARRATION AND DESCRIPTION
Images and Ideas
For Discussion and Writing
The Point of Narration and Description
Using Narratives
Using Description
The Principles of Narration and Description
Organizing the Events
Including Specific Details
Selecting Descriptive Words
The Pitfalls of Narration and Description
What to Look For in Narration and Description
Evan Thomas, “Rain of Fire”
Writing Step by Step: Describing a Catastrophe
Editing Skills: Sentence Combining
Mike Royko, “Jackie’s Debut: A Unique Day”
Writing Step by Step: An Eye-Opening Childhood Experience
Editing Skills: Punctuating Conversation
Ben McGrath, “Walking Away” (Combining Strategies)
Writing Step by Step: Quitting a Job
Editing Skills: Quotation Marks inside Quotations
Jack Lewis, “Road Work”
Writing Step by Step: Being Helpful
Editing Skills: Choosing There, Their, or They’re
Kelly Berlin (student), “Domestic Abuse”
Chapter 4 STRATEGIES FOR MAKING A POINT: EXAMPLE AND ILLUSTRATION
Images and Ideas
For Discussion and Writing
The Point of Example and Illustration
Using Examples to Explain and Clarify
Using Examples and Illustrations to Convince
The Principles of Example and Illustration
Select Appropriate Examples
Give Plenty of Examples
Include Specific Information
The Pitfalls of Example and Illustration
What to Look For in Example and Illustration
Elizabeth Berg, “My Heroes”
Writing Step by Step: Everyday Heroes
Editing Skills: Semicolons between Sentences
Brent Staples, “‘Just Walk On By’: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space”
Writing Step by Step: Mistaken Stereotypes
Editing Skills: Commas around Interrupters
Daniel R. Meier, “One Man’s Kids”
Writing Step by Step: Qualities for Success
Editing Skills: Using Subordination
Tim Jones, “The Working Poor” (Combining Strategies)
Writing Step by Step: Financial Troubles
Editing Skills: Using Commas in Series
Nick Boyer (student), “ Look Around First”
Chapter 5 STRATEGIES FOR CLARIFYING MEANING: DEFINITION AND EXPLANATION
Images and Ideas
For Discussion and Writing
The Point of Definition and Explanation
The Principles of Definition and Explanation
Descriptive Details
Examples
Narration
Comparison
Contrast
The Pitfalls of Definition and Explanation
Missing Your Audience
Going in Circles
Abstraction
Leaving Information Out
What to Look For in Definitions and Explanations
Gloria Naylor, “‘Mommy, What Does “Nigger” Mean?’”
Writing Step by Step: Multiple Meanings
Editing Skills: Hyphens
Isaac Asimov, “What Is Intelligence, Anyway?” (Combining Strategies)
Writing Step by Step: Defining an Abstraction
Editing Skills: Using the Right Tense
Dennis Baron, “The Noun Game: A Simple Grammar Lesson Leads to a Clash of Civilizations”
Writing Step by Step: Explaining a Cultural Practice
Editing Skills: Using Noun Clauses
Lilly Gonzalez, “Viva Spanglish!”
Writing Step by Step: Subgroup Identity
Editing Skills: Using Coordination
Kerri Mauger (student), “Nothing to Be Scared Of ”
Chapter 6 STRATEGIES FOR SORTING IDEAS: CLASSIFICATION AND DIVISION
Images and Ideas
For Discussion and Writing
The Point of Classification and Division
The Principles of Classification and Division
Give a Purpose to Your Classification
Establish a Clear Basis for Your Classification
Make Your Groups Parallel and Equal
The Pitfalls of Classification and Division
What to Look For in a Classification
Judith Viorst, “Friends, Good Friends–and Such Good Friends” (Combining Strategies)
Writing Step by Step: Romantic Relationships
Editing Skills: Using Pronouns Consistently
Franklin Zimring, “Confessions of an Ex-Smoker”
Writing Step by Step: More Than One Way to Solve a Problem
Editing Skills: Avoiding Sexist Language
David Elkind, “Types of Stress for Young People”
Writing Step by Step: Types of Social Pressure
Editing Skills: Transitions
Juleyka Lantigua, “The Latino Show”
Writing Step by Step: TV Portrayals
Editing Skills: Using Apostrophes
Ben Hardy (student), “Three Ways to Use a Recipe”
Chapter 7 STRATEGIES FOR EXAMINING TWO SUBJECTS: COMPARISON AND CONTRAST
Images and Ideas
For Discussion and Writing
The Point of Comparison and Contrast
Using Comparisons to Explain
Using Comparisons to Persuade
Using Contrast to Decide
The Principles of Comparison and Contrast
Using the Block-by-Block Plan
Similarities and Differences
Using the Point-by-Point Plan
The Pitfalls of Comparison and Contrast
Avoid Using Too Many Transitional Words
Avoid Repetition in Concluding
What to Look For in Comparison and Contrast
Nancy Masterson Sakamoto, “Conversational Ballgames”
Writing Step by Step: Extended Comparisons
Editing Skills: Commas after Dependent Elements
Suzanne Britt, “Neat People vs. Sloppy People” (Combining Strategies)
Writing Step by Step: Contrasting Types of People
Editing Skills: Using Apostrophes
Brendan O’Shaughnessy, “A Whole New Ballgame”
Writing Step by Step: Then and Now
Editing Skills: Choosing Its or It’s
Kathy Seal, “The Trouble with Talent: Are We Born Smart or Do We Get Smart?”
Writing Step by Step: Two Points of View
Editing Skills: Using Dashes
Lynn Cooper (student), “Watching from All Sides”
Alternate Arrangement
Chapter 8 STRATEGIES FOR EXPLAINING HOW THINGS WORK: PROCESS AND DIRECTIONS
Images and Ideas
For Discussion and Writing
The Point of Writing about Process and Directions
The Principles of Process and Directions
The Pitfalls of Process and Directions
Reviewing Your Process
Addressing Your Audience
What to Look For in Process and Directions
Carol Fleischman, “Shopping Can Be a Challenge” (Combining Strategies)
Writing Step by Step: A Personal Approach to Shopping
Editing Skills: Using Parentheses
Michael Leddy, “How To E-mail a Professor”
Writing Step by Step: Message Mistakes
Editing Skills: Using Colons before Lists
Emily Nelson, “Making Fake Flakes”
Writing Step by Step: Behind the Scenes of a Process
Editing Skills: Punctuating Quotations
Steve Daly, “Change Agent: How Baker Pulled Off the ‘Werewolf’ Metamorphosis”
For Discussion and Writing
Ann Moroney (student), “A Graceful Stride”
Chapter 9 STRATEGIES FOR ANALYZING WHY THINGS HAPPEN: CAUSE AND EFFECT
Ideas and Images
For Discussion and Writing
The Point of Cause-and-Effect Writing
The Principles of Cause-and-Effect Writing
Types of Cause and Effects
Patterns of Cause and Effect
The Pitfalls of Cause-and-Effect Writing
What to Look For in Cause-and-Effect Writing
Stephen King, “Why We Crave Horror Movies” (Combining Strategies)
Writing Step by Step: Entertainment Cravings
Editing Skills: Checking Pronoun Reference
Jade Snow Wong, “Fifth Chinese Daughter”
Writing Step by Step: Becoming Our Parents
Editing Skills: Using Parallel Structure
Greg Critser, “Supersize Me”
Writing Step by Step: Getting to the Root Causes
Editing Skills: Eliminating Wordiness
Sue Shellenbarger, “Young Workers With Dyslexia, ADD Find Office Less Accommodating Than School”
Writing Step by Step: The Person-Job Fit
Editing Skills: Using Commas after Introductory Clauses and Phrases
Brian L. Carter (student), “Almost a Winner”
Chapter 10 STRATEGIES FOR INFLUENCING OTHERS: ARGUMENT AND PERSUASION
Images and Ideas
For Discussion and Writing
The Point of Argument and Persuasion
The Principles of Argument and Persuasion
The Elements of Good Argument
Claims
Evidence
Refutation
A Sample Annotated Argument: Stephanie Pescitelli (student), “Misunderstood Medicine”
The Pitfalls of Argument and Persuasion
Taking on Too Much
Mistaking the Audience
Logical Fallacies
What to Look For in Argument and Persuasion
Debate: Do Same-Sex Couples Make Good Parents?
James C. Dobson, “Two Mommies Is One Too Many”
Jeff Pearlman, “Mom’s the Word”
Writing Step by Step: Taking Sides on Same-Sex Parenting
Editing Skills: Subject-Verb Agreement
Debate: How Real Is Reality TV?
Facts on File, “Reality Television: Issues and Controversies”
Michael Hirschorn, “The Case for Reality TV: What the Snobs Don’t Understand”
Oliver James, “Danger: Reality TV Can Rot Your Brain”
Anne Becker, “Hot or Not: Reality TV Can Be Harmful to Women”
Rita Dove, “Loose Ends”
Writing Step by Step: Pros and Cons of a Reality TV Show
Editing Skills: Using Questions
Debate: Can Money Buy Happiness?
Cynthia Crossen, “Whether People Define Themselves as Happy Depends on the Era”
Ed Diener, “Income and Happiness”
Pam Lambert and Alex Treniowski, “The High Cost of Winning”
Writing Step by Step: Engineering One’s Own Happiness
Editing Skills: Using Colons
Appendix: WRITING WITH SOURCES
Using Sources in Your Writing
Locating Sources
Using the Online Catalog
Using Indexes and Databases
Using the Internet
Evaluating Sources
Recognizing Bias
Judging Online Sources
Working with Sources
Taking Notes
Using a Research Notebook
Using the Printout/Photocopy Option
Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting
Devising a Working Outline
Writing a First Draft
Organizing Your Notes
Using Quotations and Paraphrases
Integrating Sources
Using Attributions and Lead-ins
Avoiding Plagiarism
Crediting Your Sources
Citing Sources Informally
Formatting Your Paper
Documenting Your Sources: MLA Style
In-Text Citations
Preparing the List of Works Cited
Works Cited List: Sample Entries
Books
Journals, Magazines, and Newspeprs
Online Publications
Sample student essay with sources: Brian L. Carter, “People, Pigeons, and Payoffs”
Credits
Index
