Introducing Public Administration
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Home > Society and Social Sciences > Politics and government > Public administration > Introducing Public Administration
Introducing Public Administration

Introducing Public Administration


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About the Book

This updated text provides students with a solid conceptual foundation in public administration and contains the latest information on trends in the discipline.

To further engage students and deepen interest in its narrative, the text uses unique chapter-opening vignettes called “Keynotes,” chapter ending case studies and a boxed reading program with real-life excerpts and quotes.



Table of Contents:
Preface  xvi

Chapter 1    Defining Public Administration  
    KEYNOTE: Go Tell the Spartans  
The Definitions of Public Administration  
Political Definitions of Public Administration  
Legal Definitions of Public Administration  
Managerial Definitions of Public Administration  
Occupational Definitions of Public Administration
The Evolution of Public Administration  
The Core Content  
The Cycles of Administrative Reform  
It’s an Adventure!  
    A CASE STUDY: How a President Undeservedly Received Credit for Founding a Discipline
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 2    The Political and Cultural Environment of Public Policy and Its Administration
    KEYNOTE: Who Decides If the United States Should Wage War?
What Is Public Policy?  
Public Policymaking in a Republic  
Executive Powers  
The Policymaking Process  
Agenda Setting  
Decision Making
A Single Calculating Decision Maker—Not!
Implementation  
Evaluation  
Feedback  
Power–The External Perspective
Pluralism  
Group Theory  
Power–The Internal Perspective
Organizational Goals  
Internal Power Relationships
The Cultures of Public Organizations  
The Outside Cultural Environment  
The Inside Cultural Environment  
Professional Socialization  
Symbolic Management  
    A CASE STUDY: Were the Space Shuttle Astronauts Killed by Fog?  
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 3    The Continuous Reinventing of the Machinery of Government  
    KEYNOTE: The New Feudalism  
What Is the Machinery of Government?  
Fine-Tuning the Machinery  
The Rise and Fall of Governmental Machinery
The Administrative Architecture of the U.S. Government  
Executive Branch Machinery  
State and Local Government Machinery
State Government  
County Government
Municipal Government  
Towns and Special Districts  
Local Management Machinery  
Metropolitan Government  
Continuous State and Local Reform  
Reforming the National Machinery of Government  
The Brownlow Committee  
The Hoover Commissions  
The Ash Council  
The President’s Private Sector Survey on Cost Control  
Reinventing Government  
The Gore Report  
The End of Reinvention  
The Micromanagers  
The Pressure for Privatization  
Strategies for Privatization  
Privatization in the Military
The Nonprofit Gambit  
Voluntarism and Philanthropy  
    A CASE STUDY: The Revolution in the British Machinery of Government 1979—2001  
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 4    Intergovernmental Relations  
    KEYNOTE: The Age of Devolution  
The Evolution of Federal Systems  
Alliances and Confederations  
Defining Intergovernmental Relations  
The Fundamental Settlement  
The Constitution  
The European Union  
The American Federal System  
Three Categories of Governments  
The Structure of Intergovernmental Relations  
The Effects of Pluralism  
The Marble-Cake Metaphor  
Dynamic Federalism  
Dual Federalism  
Cooperative Federalism  
Creative Federalism  
New Federalism  
New New Federalism  
Intergovernmental Management  
Picket Fence Federalism  
Councils of Government and Intergovernmental Relations
Mandate Mania  
Mandates and the War on Terrorism
The Transformation of Governance
Fiscal Federalism–Following the Money  
The Theory of Fiscal Federalism  
Grant Programs  
From Contractive to Coercive Federalism
The Devolution Revolution  
The Public Choice Solution
The Race to the Bottom  
    TWO CASE STUDIES: How Intergovernmental Management Became Intergovernmental Chaos: The Cases of United Flight 93 and Hurricane Katrina
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 5    Honor, Ethics, and Accountability  
    KEYNOTE: Niccolo Machiavelli, the Preeminent Public Administration Ethicist  
The Origins and Nature of Honor  
National Honor  
Why Honor Precedes Ethics
Dimensions of Honor  
Regime Values  
Corruption in Government  
Bribery  
Watergate  
Lying for Your Country  
The Dirty Hands Dilemma  
Lying About Sex  
Hierarchy of Ethics  
The Four Levels of Ethics  
The Iran-Contra Affair  
The Higher Law Defense  
Codes of Honor, Conduct, and Ethics  
The New Face of Dueling  
Honorable Behavior  
Was “Deep Throat’s” Behavior Honorable
The Common Law  
Standards of Conduct  
The Challenge of Accountability  
Constitutional and Legal Constraints  
Obsessive Accountability  
Avoiding Accountability  
Legislative Oversight  
Hearings  
Casework  
    A CASE STUDY: The Blood on Robert McNamara’s Hands–and Conscience  
Summary
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 6    The Evolution of Management and Organization Theory  
    KEYNOTE: Moses Meets the First Management Consultant  
The Origins of Public Management  
The Continuing Influence of Ancient Rome  
The Military Heritage of Public Administration  
The Evolution of Management Principles  
Comparing Military and Civilian Principles  
The Principles Approach  
What Is Organization Theory?  
Classical Organization Theory  
Adam Smith and the Pin Factory  
The Origins of Scientific Management  
The Influence of Frederick W. Taylor  
Fayol’s General Theory of Management  
The Period of Orthodoxy  
Paul Appleby’s Polemic  
Luther Gulick’s POSDCORB  
The Many Meanings of Bureaucracy  
All Government Offices  
All Public Officials  
A General Invective
Max Weber’s Structural Arrangements  
Neoclassical Organization Theory  
Herbert A. Simon’s Influence  
The Impact of Sociology  
“Modern” Structural Organization Theory  
Basic Assumptions  
Mechanistic and Organic Systems  
Systems Theory  
Cybernetics  
The Learning Organization  
Complex Adaptive Systems
    A CASE STUDY: The Critical Importance of Administrative Doctrine  
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 7    Organizational Behavior  
    KEYNOTE: Organization Development in Hollywood: From The Sands of Iwo Jima to G.I. Jane  
Organizational Behavior  
Group Dynamics  
Organization Development  
The Impact of Personality  
The Impact of Bureaucratic Structure on Behavior  
Bureaucratic Dysfunctions  
Bureaucratic Impersonality
Bureaucrat Bashing  
The Case for Bureaucracy  
Motivation  
The Hawthorne Experiments  
The Needs Hierarchy  
The Motivation-Hygiene Theory  
Toward a Democratic Environment  
Theory X and Theory Y  
The Future of Organizations  
Postbureaucratic Organizations  
Postmodernism  
The Problem of Technocracy  
The Core Themes of Postmodernism  
Postmodern Public Administration  
A Feminist Perspective  
    A CASE STUDY: The Dangers of Groupthink: Pearl Harbor to the War in Iraq
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 8    Managerialism and Performance Management  
    KEYNOTE: Socrates Discovers Universal Management  
Managerialism  
A New Managerial Revolution  
Policy Entrepreneurs  
Reengineering  
Radical as Opposed to Incremental Change  
Becoming a Reengineer  
Empowerment  
Empowering Teams  
Entrepreneurialism  
Toward a Competitive Public Administration
The New Public Management  
What Is Performance Management?  
The Politics of Performance Management  
Management Control  
Productivity Improvement  
Productivity Measurement
Barriers to Productivity Improvement
Total Quality Management  
It’s the Customer, Stupid!  
    A CASE STUDY: From E-commerce to E-government  
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 9    Strategic Management in the Public Sector  
    KEYNOTE: When Short-Term Leaders Do Long-Term Planning
What Is Strategic Management?  
Objectives  
The Planning Horizon
Capabilities  
Environment  
Four Strategic Factors  
The Public—Private Paradox
The Importance of Being Close to the Center  
Organizational Language and Culture  
Organizational Place  
Strategic Management Tools  
Best Practices  
Benchmarking
Management Scorecards  
    A CASE STUDY: How Military Staffs Became the First Strategic Think Tanks  
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 10    Leadership  
    KEYNOTE: The Hedgehog, and Fox or Henry V  
Leading for Performance  
Defining Leadership  
Leadership and Management  
Trait Theories  
Transactional Approaches
Contingency Approaches  
Transformational Leadership  
The Importance of Optimism
Too Much Leadership  
Micromanagement  
Overmanagement  
Moral Leadership  
The Bully Pulpit
Rhetorical Leadership
    A CASE STUDY: Transforming the Postal Service  
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 11    Personnel Management and Labor Relations  
    KEYNOTE: The Adventures of a Young Man as a Personnel Technician  
The Personnel Function  
Recruitment  
Merit Selection  
Position Classification and Pay  
Performance Appraisal  
Training  
Management Development
The Bittersweet Heritage of Civil Service Reform  
The Netherworld of Public Personnel Administration  
From Spoils to Merit  
The Pendleton Act  
State and Local Reform  
The Rise and Fall of the Civil Service Commission  
The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978  
Reinventing Public Personnel Administration
Privatizing Public Personnel
Patronage Appointments  
The Constitutionality of Patronage  
Veterans’ Preference  
Patronage Gone Bad
Public Sector Labor Relations  
The AFL-CIO  
Administrative Agencies
Collective Bargaining  
Impasse Resolution  
Strikes  
Why Strikes Occur  
    A CASE STUDY: The Air Traffic Controllers Strike  
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 12    Social Equity  
    KEYNOTE: Three Thousand Years of Sexual Harassment  
What Is Social Equity?  
Mandating Social Equity  
The New Public Administration  
The Challenge of Equality  
Racism  
The Bitter Heritage of Slavery  
From Reconstruction to Second Reconstruction  
An Administrative Fix for Racism  
Equal Employment Opportunity  
Origins of Affirmative Action  
The Case for Affirmative Action  
The Case Against Affirmative Action  
Representative Bureaucracy  
Reverse Discrimination  
Justifying Diversity  
The Ongoing Role of Race in Public Administration
Nonracial Discrimination  
Sex Discrimination  
Sexual Harassment  
Pregnancy Discrimination  
Gender Discrimination and Education
Age Discrimination  
Disabilities Discrimination  
Sexual Orientation Discrimination  
    A CASE STUDY: Social Equity Through Social Insurance
Summary  
Review Questions
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 13    Public Financial Management  
    KEYNOTE: The Budget Game  
The Importance of Public Financial Management  
Six Principles  
Balanced Budgets  
The Fiscal Year  
Budgeting Theory and Practice  
The Taft Commission  
The Influence of Keynes  
The Objectives of Budgeting  
The Two Types of Budgets  
Waves of Innovation in Budget Making  
The Executive Budget  
Line-Item Budgeting  
Performance Budgeting  
Program Budgeting Versus Incrementalism
Zero-Based Budgeting  
Contemporary Budget Reform
Integrated Budgets  
Multiyear Budgets  
Financing Public Expenditure  
Taxation  
The Ability-to-Pay Principle  
The Flat Tax  
User Charges
Grants  
The Problem of Debt  
Abuse of Public Debt
Municipal Bonds  
The Rating Agencies  
Bonds, Debt and Emergency Recovery
Economic Policy  
Monetary Policy  
Fiscal Policy  
    A CASE STUDY: Social Security Reform  
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts  
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites  

Chapter 14    Program Audit and Evaluation  
    KEYNOTE: Captain Bligh’s Program Evaluation of the Mutiny on the Bounty   
What Is an Audit?  
Multiple Applications  
History of Auditing  
The Government Accountability Office  
Types of Audit  
Compliance Audit  
Performance Audit  
Internal Audit  
Program Evaluation  
Policy Analysis Is Not Program Evaluation  
Legislative Program Evaluation  
Types of Evaluation  
Evaluation Standards  
Management Control: Evaluation in Microcosm  
Evaluation and the Democratic Process  
    A CASE STUDY: Jeremy Bentham, the Philosopher of Policy Analysis and Program Evaluation  
Summary  
Review Questions  
Key Concepts
Bibliography  
Recommended Books  
Related Web Sites
Glossary  
Appendix: Additional Sources
Index  


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780321439437
  • Publisher: Taylor & Francis Inc
  • Publisher Imprint: Routledge
  • Height: 198 mm
  • No of Pages: 576
  • Weight: 1078 gr
  • ISBN-10: 0321439430
  • Publisher Date: 17 Aug 2006
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Language: English
  • Spine Width: 27 mm
  • Width: 243 mm


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