About the Book
The Primary Source Edition of Civilization in the West blends social and political history into a fascinating narrative that brings history to life. With 20 primary source documents, this edition offers an examination of all aspects of world history plus a wealth of original documents that help make the material come alive. “Document Analysis” questions encourage readers to delve deeper into the documents and to explore how they relate to the events of the time.
Table of Contents:
Added document section at the back includes:
Document 14.1 Jacques-Auguste de Thou, from “Onthe Massacre of St. Bartholomew’s Day” (1604-08)
Document 14.2 John Hawkyns, “Report on the Spanish Armada” (1588)
Document 16.1 James VI of Scotland (later James I of England), from The True Law of Free Monarchies (1598)
Document 17.1 Galileo Galilei, “Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina” (1515)
Document 18.1 Mikhail Mikhailovich Shcherbatov, “On the Corruption of Morals in Russia” (1797)
Document 19.1 Immanuel Kant, “What Is Enlightenment?” (1784)
Document 20.1 Emmanuel, Comte de Las Cases, Selections from Memorial de Sainte-Helene (1823)
Document 21.1 Parliament of Great Britain, “Evidence of a Female Millhand to the Parliamentary Commisioners on Factory Conditions” (c. 1815)
Document 22.1 Adam Mickiewicz, from The Books of the Polish Nation (1832)
Document 22.2 Prince Metternich, “Resignation Letter to Tsar Nicholas I” (1848)
Document 23.1 Otto von Bismarck, Letter to his Wife During the Austrian War (1866)
Document 23.2 Multiple authors, Selected Reactions to Darwin’s Origin of Species (c. 1865)
Document 24.1 M.I. Pokzovskaya, “Working Conditions of Women in Factories” (1914)
Document 25.1 Prakash Tandon, from Punjabi Century 1857-1947 (1967)
Document 26.1 Wilfred Owen, “Dulce et Decorum Est” (1918)
Document 27.1 Josef Stalin, Speech on Soviet Industrialization (1931)
Document 28.1 Rudolf Hoess, Selections from Commandant of Auschwitz (1958)
Document 29.1 Nikita Krushchev, Speech Challenging the West to Disarm, 1960
Document 29.2 European Community Information Service, “Tomorrow Has Already Begun” 1960.
Document 30.1 A.S. Martynov et al, Selected Papers on Russia’s Economy and Environment 1991-1993, (1995)
Documents.
Maps.
Chronologies, Genealogies, and Figures.
Preface.
About the Authors.
Introduction: The Idea of Western Civilization.
14. Europe At War, 1555—1648.
The Visual Record: The Massacre of the Innocents: War and European Society.
The Crises of the Western States.
The French Wars of Religion.
One King, Two Faiths.
The World of Philip II.
The Burgundian Inheritance.
The Revolt of the Netherlands.
The Struggles in Eastern Europe.
Kings and Diets in Poland.
Muscovy ’s Time of Troubles.
The Rise of Sweden.
The Thirty Years’ War, 1618—1648.
Bohemia Revolts.
The War Widens.
The Long Quest for Peace.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: THE MONSTROUS REGIMENT OF WOMEN.
Documents.
Catholics and Huguenots.
Cannibals.
War Is Hell.
Fire and Sword.
15. The Experiences Of Life In Early Modern Europe , 1500—1650.
The Visual Record: Haymaking: Agriculture in a European Community.
Economic Life.
Rural Life.
Town Life.
Economic Change.
Social Life.
Social Constructs.
Social Structure.
Social Change.
Peasant Revolts.
Private Life.
The Family.
Communities.
Popular Beliefs.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: SEX AND THE MARRIED MAN.
Documents.
Living by One’s Wits.
The Peasants’ Revolt.
A Feminine Perspective.
The Devil’s Due.
16. The RoyalState in the Seventeenth Century.
The Visual Record: Fit for a King: The Grandeur of the European Monarchy.
The Rise of the Royal State.
Divine Kings.
The Court and the Courtiers.
The Drive to Centralize Government.
The Taxing Demands of War.
The Crises of the Royal State.
The Need to Resist.
The Right to Resist.
The English Civil War.
The English Revolutions.
The Zenith of the Royal State .
The Nature of Absolute Monarchy.
Absolutism in the East.
The Origins of French Absolutism.
Louis le Grand.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
Documents.
A Glimpse of a King.
A Short, Sharp Shock.
The Nature of Man.
A Close Shave.
17. Science and Commerce in Early Modern Europe .
The Visual Record: Rembrandt’s Lessons: Anatomy and the New Science.
The New Science
Heavenly Revolutions.
The Natural World.
Science Enthroned.
Empires of Goods.
The Marketplace of the World.
Consumption Choices.
Dutch Masters.
Mercantile Organization.
The Wars of Commerce.
The Mercantile Wars.
The Wars of Louis XIV.
The Colonial Wars.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: THE DUTCH TULIP MANIA OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.
THE WEST AND THE WIDER WORLD: THE NUTMEG WARS.
Documents.
Stargazing.
The Telescope.
Descartes Experiments.
Defining Commerce.
18. The Balance of Power in Eighteenth-Century Europe .
The Visual Record: A Dashing Officer: The Rise of Militarism.
Geographical Tour: A Grand Tour of Europe in 1714.
Expansion of Western Europe.
Realignment in Eastern Europe.
The Rise of Russia.
The Reforms of Peter the Great.
Life in Rural Russia.
The Enlightened Empress Catherine.
The Two Germanies.
The Rise of Prussia.
Austria Survives.
The Politics of Power.
The Greatness of Great Britain.
The British Constitution.
Parties and Ministers.
America Revolts.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
THE WEST AND THE WIDER WORLD: THE BRITISH RAJ IN INDIA.
Documents.
Captain Cook Encounters the Tahitians.
A King’s-Eye View.
Military Discipline.
Unalienable Rights.
19. Culture and Society in Eighteenth-Century Europe .
The Visual Record: Happy Families: An Enlightenment Institution.
Eighteenth-Century Culture.
The Enlightenment.
The Spirit of the Enlightenment.
The Impact of the Enlightenment.
Eighteenth-Century Society.
The Nobility.
The Bourgeoisie.
The Masses.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: GIVING BIRTH IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.
Documents.
The All-Knowing.
The Human Condition.
The Good of All.
Love and Marriage.
20. The French Revolution And The Napoleonic Era, 1789—1815.
The Visual Record: Eighteenth-Century Revolution.
The Political and Fiscal Crisis of Eighteenth-Century France.
Crisis and Failure on the Eve of the Revolution.
Convening the Estates-General.
The Outbreak of Revolutionary Action in 1789.
Declaring Political Rights.
The Trials of Constitutional Monarchy.
Experimenting with Democracy, 1792—1799.
The Revolution of the People.
“Terror Is the Order of the Day.”
The End of the Revolution.
The Reign of Napoleon, 1799—1815.
Bonaparte Seizes Power.
Napoleon at War with the European Powers.
The First Empire and Domestic Reforms.
Decline and Fall.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: THE GUILLOTINE AND REVOLUTIONARY JUSTICE.
Documents.
“What Is the Third Estate?”
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.
Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen.
The Civil Code of the Code Napoléon.
21. Industrial Europe .
The Visual Record: An Iron Forge: Machinery and Industrialization.
The Traditional Economy.
Farming Families.
Rural Manufacture.
The Agricultural Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution in Britain.
Britain First.
Minerals and Metals.
Cotton Is King.
The Iron Horse.
Entrepreneurs and Managers.
The Wages of Progress.
The Industrialization of the Continent.
France : Industrialization Without Revolution.
Germany : Industrialization and Union.
The Lands That Time Forgot.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT.
Documents.
The Wealth of Britain .
The Sin of Wages.
Exploiting the Young.
The Slavery of Labor.
22. Political Upheavals and Social Transformations, 1815—1850.
The Visual Record: Potato Politics: The Plight of the Poor in European Societies.
Geographical Tour: Europe in 1815.
The Congress of Vienna.
The Alliance System.
The New Ideologies.
The New Politics of Preserving Order.
Romanticism and Change.
Reshaping State and Society.
Protest and Revolution.
Causes of Social Instability.
The Revolutions of 1830.
Reform in Great Britain.
Workers Unite.
Revolutions Across Europe , 1848—1850.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: THE BIRTH OF THE PRISON.
Documents.
Young Italy (1832).
The Communist Manifesto.
Flora Tristan and the Rights of Working Women.
23. StateBuilding And Social Change In Europe , 1850—1871.
The Visual Record: The Birth of the German Empire: Otto von Bismarck’s Role.
Building Nations: The Politics of Unification.
The Crimean War.
Unifying Italy.
Unifying Germany .
The United States : Civil War and Reunification.
Nationalism and Force.
Reforming European Society.
The Second Empire in France , 1852—1870.
Victorian Political Reforms.
Reforming Russia.
The Politics of Leadership.
Changing Values and the Force of New Ideas.
The Politics of Homemaking.
Realism in the Arts.
Charles Darwin and the New Science.
Karl Marx and the Science of Society.
A New Revolution?
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: A WORKING WOMAN.
Documents.
The Russian Emancipation Proclamation, 1861.
On the Origin of Species, 1859.
Mistress of the House.
24. The Crisis of European Culture, 1871—1914.
The Visual Record: Speeding to the Future: Mass Society and the Rejection of Tradition.
European Economy and the Politics of Mass Society.
Regulating Boom and Bust.
Challenging Liberal England.
Political Struggles in Germany.
Political Scandals and Mass Politics in France.
Defeating Liberalism in Austria.
Outsiders in Mass Politics.
Feminists and Politics.
The Jewish Question and Zionism.
Workers and Minorities on the Margins.
Shaping the New Consciousness.
The Authority of Science.
Establishing the Social Sciences.
The “New Woman” and the New Consciousness.
Art and the New Age.
The New Consumption.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: SIGMUND FREUD, EXPLORER OF DREAMS.
THE WEST AND THE WIDER WORLD: AFRICAN ART AND EUROPEAN ARTISTS.
Documents.
“J’Accuse.”
Constance Lytton.
“Angel” or Woman?
25. Europe and the World, 1870—1914.
The Visual Record: The Politics of Mapmaking: The First Standardized Map of the World.
The European Balance of Power, 1870—1914.
Upsetting the European Balance of Power.
The Instability of the Alliance System.
The New Imperialism.
The Technology of Empire.
Motives for Empire.
The Search for Territory and Markets.
The Scramble for Africa : Diplomacy and Conflict.
Gold, Empire Building , and the Boer War.
Imperialism in Asia.
The Imperialism of the United States.
Results of a European-Dominated World.
A World Economy.
Race and Culture.
Women and Imperialism.
Ecology and Imperialism.
Critiquing Capitalism.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
Documents.
Leopold II of Belgium , Speech to an International Conference of Geographers, 12 September 1876.
Joseph Chamberlain’s Speech to the Birmingham Relief Association.
Karl Pearson and the Defense of Eugenics.
26. War and Revolution, 1914—1920.
The Visual Record: Selling the Great War.
The War Europe Expected.
Separating Friends from Foes.
Military Timetables.
Assassination at Sarajevo.
A New Kind of Warfare.
Technology and the Trenches.
The German Offensive.
War on the Eastern Front.
War on the Western Front.
War on the Periphery.
Adjusting to the Unexpected: Total War.
Mobilizing the Home Front.
Silencing Dissent.
The Russian Revolution and Allied Victory.
Revolution in Russia .
The United States Enters the Great War.
Settling the Peace.
Wilson ’s Fourteen Points.
Treaties and Territories.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: THE WOMEN WHO STARTED THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION.
Documents.
All Quiet on the Western Front.
Dulce et Decorum Est.
War at Home.
War Communism.
27. The European Search For Stability, 1920—1939.
The Visual Record: The Hard Lessons of Inflation.
Geographical Tour: Europe after 1918.
New Nation-States, New Problems.
German Recovery.
France ’s Search for Security.
The United States in Europe.
Crisis and Collapse in a World Economy.
International Loans and Trade Barriers.
The Great Depression.
The Soviet Union ’s Separate Path.
The Soviet Regime at the End of the Civil War.
The New Economic Policy, 1921—1928.
Stalin’s Rise to Power.
The First Five-Year Plan.
The Comintern, Economic Development, and the Purges.
Women and the Family in the New Soviet State.
The Rise of Fascist Dictatorship in Italy.
Mussolini’s Italy.
Mussolini’s Plans for Empire.
Hitler and the Third Reich.
Hitler’s Rise to Power.
Nazi Goals.
Propaganda, Racism, and Culture.
Democracies in Crisis.
The Failure of the Left in France.
Muddling Through in Great Britain.
The Spanish Republic as Battleground.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: THE SCREAMS FROM GUERNICA.
Documents.
The Depression for Women.
The Results of the First Five-Year Plan.
The Law on the Abolition of Legal Abortion, 1936.
Adolf Hitler on “Racial Purity."
28. Global Conflagration: WORLD WAR II, 1939—1945.
The Visual Record: Precursor of War: The Annexation of Austria.
Aggression and Conquest.
Hitler’s Foreign Policy and Appeasement.
Hitler’s War, 1939—1941.
Collaboration and Resistance.
Racism and Destruction.
Enforcing Nazi Racial Policies.
The Destruction of Europe’s Jews.
Allied Victory.
The Soviet Union ’s Great Patriotic War.
The United States Enters the War.
Winning the War in Europe.
Japanese War Aims and Assumptions.
Winning the War in the Pacific.
The Fate of Allied Cooperation: 1945.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: THE ATOMIC WASTELAND.
Documents.
Manifesto of the Jewish Resistance in Vilna, September 1943.
President Franklin Roosevelt’s Request for a Declaration of War on Japan , 8 December 1941.
Japan ’s Declaration of War on the United States and Great Britain , 8 December 1941.
“Glittering Fragments.”
29. The Cold War and Postwar Economic Recovery: 1945—1970.
The Visual Record: Europe in Ruins: Warsaw , 1946.
The Origins of the Cold War.
The World in Two Blocs.
The Nuclear Club.
Decolonization and the Cold War.
Postwar Economic Recovery in Europe , Japan , and the Soviet Union.
The Economic Challenge.
The Economic Solution: The Marshall Plan.
Western European Economic Integration.
Japan ’s Recovery.
The Soviet Path to Economic Recovery.
The Welfare State and Social Transformation.
Prosperity and Consumption in the West.
Family Strategies.
Youth Culture and Dissent.
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
THE WEST AND THE WIDER WORLD: MADE IN JAPAN .
Documents.
The Iron Curtain.
The Marshall Plan.
Report to the Twentieth Party Congress.
The Second Sex.
“Subterranean Homesick Blues.”
30. The End of the Cold War and New Global Challenges: 1970 to the Present.
The Visual Record: The Berlin Wall Comes Down.
The End of the Cold War and the Emergence of a New Europe.
The Brezhnev Doctrine and Détente.
New Directions in Soviet Politics.
Reform in Eastern Europe.
The Unification of Germany.
Russia and the New Republics.
Ethnic Conflict and Nationalism.
The Chechen Challenge.
War in the Balkans.
The West in the Global Community.
European Union and the American Superpower.
A New Working Class: Foreign Workers.
Women’s Changing Lives.
Terrorism: The “New Kind of War.”
Questions for Review.
Key Terms.
Discovering Western Civilization Online.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
A CLOSER LOOK: TELEVISIONS, COMPUTERS, AND THE MEDIA REVOLUTION.
Documents.
Career Advancement, Communist-Style.
A Woman Reporter Behind the Lines of the War in Chechnya .
The Return of Fascism?
