About the Book
One of the most successful all-inclusive rhetorics on the market, this classic distinguishes itself with a story, poem, and photo writing assignment in each modes chapter. This systematic rhetoric/reader/handbook carefully leads the student through the process of essay writing. It provides numerous sample readings-imaginative literature as well as the essay, specific guidelines on how to approach each rhetorical mode, writing assignments, and both student and professional models of completed assignments. In addition to covering nine rhetorical modes, the text includes a complete unit on the research paper and a comprehensive handbook section. Prereading, prewriting, and writing exercises throughout offer guidance in the fundamentals of reading and writing. - Fourteen new readings include a mix of often-anthologised favourites and new writers, like Isaac Asimov, Brent Staples, Catherine Houck, and Carl Sagan. - A new section in Chapter 1, "Generating Ideas With Visual Images," presents visual images-from a newspaper, advertisement, artwork, and cartoon-that teach students how to critically analyse and express their opinions of these types of images.
- A thorough revision of Chapter 15, "Argumentation," includes a new cluster of readings-one pro, one con, and one exploratory-on the issue of commercial pilots having guns in the cockpit. - Student tip boxes offer practical advice, directly from students, on how they completed a particular assignment. - Writing tip boxes offer guidance from the authors on how to get more out of the writing process. - Chapter 17, "The Research Paper," contains updated coverage of electronic research techniques, and is especially focused on researching the growing amount of information on the Internet. - A thoroughly revised instructors manual accompanies the text. - All chapters in Part II, "Writing the Essay," feature: "Reading for Ideas," including both a short story and a poem. "How to Write," analyzing a writing assignment, professional model and a student model. "Alternate Readings," exploring current issues. - Photo writing assignments give students practice in writing about what they see, rather than just about what they have read. - Part IV, "The Research Paper," includes two student research papers written in MLA and APA documentation styles.
- Part V, "A Handbook," includes exercises with answers at the back, providing students immediate feedback for self-grading.
Table of Contents:
All chapters include "Writing Assignments."* denotes readings new to this edition. I. FUNDAMENTALS. 1. The Writing Process. Prewriting. Writing. Rewriting. Revising. Editing. Proofreading. Personal versus Objective Writing. Generating Ideas with Journal Writing. Generating Ideas with Visual Images. Assembling a Portfolio. Writing Assignments. 2. Elements of the Essay. Purpose. Audience. The Instructor as Audience. Strategy. Narration. Description. Example. Definition. Comparison/Contrast. Process. Classification. Causal Analysis. Argumentation. Blending Rhetorical Patterns. Practical Applications of Rhetorical Strategies. The Controlling Idea. Writing Assignments. 3. The Sentence. Combining, Generating, Judging. Sentence Combining. Sentence Combining by Adding. EXERCISES. Sentence Combining by Deleting. EXERCISES. Sentence Combining by Submerging. EXERCISES. Sentence Generating. EXERCISES. Judging the Sentence. EXERCISES. ANSWERS TO EXERCISES. 4. The Paragraph. Uses of the Paragraph. Paragraphs That Signal a New Idea. Paragraphs That Amplify an Old Idea. Paragraphs That Signal a Transition. The Shape of the Paragraph. Topic Sentence at the Beginning. Topic Sentence at the End. Topic Sentence in the Middle. Topic Sentence Developed over Two Paragraphs. Topic Sentence Implied. Characteristics of the Paragraph. Unity. Coherence. Completeness. Journalistic Paragraphs. Transitions between Paragraphs. Repetition. Transitional Words and Phrases. Transitional Questions. Bridging Sentences. Paragraphs without Transitions. Using Varied Paragraph Transitions. Beginning and Ending Paragraphs. Beginning Paragraphs. Ending Paragraphs. The Relationship between the Beginning and the Ending. EXERCISES. Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. 5. Planning and Organizing the Essay. Finding a Topic. Prewriting Activities. Freewriting. Talking. Clustering. Writer's Block. Psychological Reasons. Physical Reasons. The Internal Editor. Finding the Thesis. The Too-Narrow or Too-Broad Thesis. Refining the Thesis. The Informal Outline. The Formal Outline. The Sentence Outline versus the Topic Outline. Use of the Outline. EXERCISES. Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. 6. Drafting, Revising, and Style. Tips on Drafting. Keep Your Audience in Mind. Keep Your Purpose in Mind. Organize Your Main Points. Include Ample Specific Details. Write in Any Sequence You Prefer. Be Patient. Use a Computer. The First Draft. STUDENT ESSAY: First Draft, "Who Am I?" by Alfredo Silva. Revising the First Draft. Check Your Opening Paragraph. Check Your Sequence of Points. Check for Adequate Examples and Details. Check Paragraph Transitions. Achieving Style. Simplify Your Grammar l. Express Action in Verbs, Rather than Nouns. Avoid the Passive Voice. Be Brief and to the Point. Vary Sentence Types. Edit Awkward Language. Put a Personal Voice in the Writing. STUDENT ESSAY: Second Draft, "Who Am I?" by Alfredo Silva. Editing the Second Draft. STUDENT ESSAY: Final Draft, "Who Am l?" by Alfredo Silva. EXERCISES. Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. II. WRITING THE ESSAY. 7. Narration. Reading for Ideas. STORY: "The Code," by Richard T. Gill. Reading for Ideas. POEM: "Richard Cory," by Edwin Arlington Robinson. How to Write a Narration. Writing Assignment. Specific Instructions. Reading for Ideas. PROFESSIONAL MODEL: "A Gift of Laughter," by Allan Sherman. STUDENT ESSAY: "Preserving the Species," by Gabrielle Scheidig. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: Excerpt from Night, by Elie Wiesel. Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "In Another Country," by Ernest Hemingway.* Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "The Telltale Heart," by Edgar Allen Poe. Writing Assignments. Additional Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. Photo Writing Assignment. 8. Description. Reading for Ideas. STORY: "The Lament," by Anton Chekhov. Reading for Ideas. POEM: "Coats," by Jane Kenyon. How to Write a Description. Writing Assignment. Specific Instructions. Reading for Ideas. PROFESSIONAL MODEL: "Once More to the Lake," by E. B. White. STUDENT ESSAY: "Parting," by Chip McClendan. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "The Monster," by Deems Taylor. Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "The Little Locksmith," by Katherine Butler Hathaway.* Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "The Odors of Homecoming,"by Pablo Neruda. Writing Assignments. Additional Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. Photo Writing Assignment. 9. Illustration. Reading for Ideas. STORY: "We're Poor," by Floyd Dell. Reading for Ideas. "Eleanor Rigby," by John Lennon and Paul McCartney.* How to Use Illustration. Writing Assignment. Specific Instructions. Reading for Ideas. PROFESSIONAL MODEL: "How Near Death is a Near-Death Experience?" Catherine Houck.* Writing Assignments. STUDENT ESSAY: "Poverty in Atlanta," by Tom Meade. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Courtship through the Ages," by James Thurber. Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Congress Does Injury to Insults," by Maureen Dowd. Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "The Word as Person: Eponyms," by Don Farrant. Writing Assignments. Additional Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. Photo Writing Assignment. 10. Definition. Reading for Ideas. STORY: "Arrangement in Black and White," by Dorothy Parker. Reading for Ideas. POEM: "Incident," by Countee Cullen. How to Write a Definition. Writing Assignment. Specific Instructions. Reading for Ideas. PROFESSIONAL MODEL: "The Nature of Prejudice," by Gordon Allport. STUDENT ESSAY: "Prejudice: Child of Ignorance," by Cole Ollinger. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Will Someone Please Hiccup My Pat?" by William Spooner Donald. Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Jim Crow," (92-104) Sarah L. and A. Elizabeth Delany.* Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Black English Has Its Place," by Ron Emmons. Writing Assignments. Additional Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. Photo Writing Assignment. 11. Comparison/Contrast. Reading for Ideas. STORY: "The Chaste Clarissa," by John Cheever. Reading for Ideas. POEM: "The Twins," by Charles Bukowski. How to Write a Comparison/Contrast. Writing Assignment. Specific Instructions. Reading for Ideas. PROFESSIONAL MODEL: "Diogenes and Alexander," by Gilbert Highet. STUDENT ESSAY: "Aben and James, " by Randy Varney. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts," by Bruce Catton.* Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Priest and Pagan," by Arthur Grimble.* Writing Assignments. Additional Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. Photo Writing Assignment. 12. Process. Reading for Ideas. STORY: "How Mr. Hogan Robbed a Bank," by John Steinbeck. Reading for Ideas. POEM: "Tract," by William Carlos Williams. How to Write a Process Paper. Writing Assignment. Specific Instructions. Reading for Ideas. PROFESSIONAL MODEL: "How to Interview to Win," by Beverly Lieberman.* STUDENT ESSAY: "Driving to Preserve Your Car," by Monica Esparza. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "In the Valley of the Shadow," Carl Sagan.* Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Coming into Language," by Jimmy Santiago Baca. Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "How to Say Nothing in Words," by Paul Roberts. Writing Assignments. Additional Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. Photo Writing Assignment. 13. Classification/Division. Reading for Ideas. STORY: "Harrison Bergeron," by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Reading for Ideas. POEM: "All the World's a Stage," by William Shakespeare. How to Write a Classification/Division. Writing Assignment. Specific Instructions. Reading for Ideas. PROFESSIONAL MODEL: "The Plot against People," by Russell Baker. STUDENT ESSAY: "Handicaps," by David Beckham. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Three Types of Resistance to Oppression," by Martin Luther King, Jr. Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "College Pressures," by William Zinsser. Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Fatigue," by Jane Brody. Writing Assignments. Additional Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. Photo Writing Assignment. 14. Causal/Analysis. Reading for Ideas. STORY: "The Girls in Their Summer Dresses," by Irwin Shaw. Reading for Ideas. POEM: "Money," by Victor Contoski. How to Write an Analysis of Cause. Writing Assignment. Specific Instructions. Reading for Ideas. PROFESSIONAL MODEL: "Mary Todd Lincoln: Second Thoughts on Our Most Vilified First Lady," by Irving Stone. STUDENT ESSAY: "Crooks, Fools, and Congressmen," by Letitia Sanchez. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Why we Crave Horror, Stephen King".* Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Why Don't We Like the Human Body?" by Barbara Ehrenreich. Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Black Men and Public Space," by Brent Staples.* Writing Assignments. Additional Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. Photo Writing Assignment. 15. Argumentation. Reading for Ideas. STORY: "War," by Luigi Pirandello. Reading for Ideas. POEM: "Dooley is a Traitor," by James Michie. How to Write an Argument. Writing Assignment. Specific Instructions. Reading for Ideas. PROFESSIONAL MODEL: "The Case against Man," by Isaac Asimov. STUDENT ESSAY: "Against Fraternities," by Francis Shriver. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "No One Has to Send a Gift," by David Mixner. Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "I Want a Wife," by Judy Syfers.* Writing Assignments. Reading for Ideas. ALTERNATE READING: "Hollywood's Responsibility for Smoking Deaths," by Joe Eszterhas.* Writing Assignments. CLUSTER ARGUMENT: THREE POSITIONS ON ARMING PILOTS IN THE COCKPIT.* Pro: "Guns," by Richard Cohen. Con: "An Armed Pilot Is an Unsafe Pilot," James E. Stoll. Neutral: "Should Pilots him Carry Guns?" Jonathan D. Salant. Additional Writing Assignments. Rewriting Assignment. Photo Writing Assignment. THE ESSAY EXAMINATION. 16. Preparing for the Essay Examination. Preparing for the Essay Examination. How to Do Well on Essay Examinations. Read the Question Carefully, at Least Twice. Give the Question Some Thought before Starting to Write. Organize Your Thoughts through Prewriting. Time Yourself Carefully. Using Rhetorical Strategies in Essay Examinations. Sample Essay Exams. IV. THE RESEARCH PAPER. 17. The Research Paper. What Is a Research Paper? How Is a Research Paper Different from Other Essays? Getting Aquainted with the Modern Library. Databases. Online Databases. The Internet. Some Internet Terminology. Beginning the Research: Choosing a Topic. Topics to Avoid. Using the Internet to Research a Topic. Search Engines. Finding the Right Search Engine. Some Useful Internet Reference Sources. Evaluating the Reliability of Web Sites. Using Internet Sources: A Caution. Collecting Pertinent Information. Compile a Bibliography. Evaluate the Evidence. Take Notes. Using a Computer or Photocopier to Take Notes. Formulating the Thesis, Outlining the Paper, and Writing the Abstract. The Thesis. The Outline. The Abstract. Writing and Documenting the Paper. Avoid the "String of Pearls" Effect. Avoid Plagiarism. Documenting the Humanities Paper (MLA). Using Parenthetical Documentation (MLA). Using Content Notes (MLA). Preparing the List of "Works Cited" (MLA). Citing Electronic Sources (MLA). Documenting the Social Sciences Paper (APA). Using Parenthetical Documentation (APA). Using Content Notes (APA). Preparing the List of "References" (APA). Citing Electronic Sources (APA). Developing the Proper Writing Style. Preparing the Final Copy (MLA). Preparing the Final Copy (APA). List of the Most Common Abbreviations. EXERCISES. Sample Student Papers. V. HANDBOOK. 18. Handbook. Grammar Fundamentals. The Sentence. The Subject and Predicate. The Complete Subject and Predicate. The Compound Subject and Predicate. EXERCISES. The Clause and Phrase. The Clause. The Phrase. EXERCISES. Sentence Types. Classification According to Function. Classification According to Form. EXERCISES. Parts of Speech. The Verb. The Noun. The Pronoun. The Adjective. The Article. The Adverb. The Preposition. The Conjunction. The Interjection. Context and Parts of Speech. EXERCISES. 19. Correcting Common Errors. Errors with Sentences. EXERCISES. Errors in Agreement. Errors with Verbs. EXERCISES. Errors with Pronouns. EXERCISES. Errors in Point of View. Person. Tense. Mood. Voice. Discourse. Key Words. EXERCISES. Errors in Reference. EXERCISES. Errors with Modifiers. EXERCISES. Errors in Parallelism. EXERCISES. Errors in Diction. Use the Correct Word. EXERCISES. Use Concrete Words. EXERCISES. Wordiness. EXERCISES. Combining Sentences. Subordination by Phrase. Subordination by Dependent Clause. Choosing the Right Subordinator. EXERCISES. Errors in Punctuation. The Period. The Comma. (,) The Semicolon. (;) The Colon. (:) The Dash. (-) The Question Mark. (?) The Exclamation Point. (!) The Apostrophe. (') Parentheses. ( ) Quotation Marks. (" ") Italics. The Hyphen. (--) EXERCISES. Errors in Capitalization. EXERCISES. Errors in Spelling. EXERCISES. Appendix. Answers to Self- Grading Exercises.
