Comedian Robin Williams said that if you remember the '60s, you weren't there. This encyclopedia documents the people, places, movements, and culture of that memorable decade for those who lived it and those who came after.
Encyclopedia of the Sixties: A Decade of Culture and Counterculture surveys the 1960s from January 1960 to December 1969. Nearly 500 entries cover everything from the British television cult classic The Avengers to the Vietnam War and the civil rights movement. The two-volume work also includes biographies of artists, architects, authors, statesmen, military leaders, and cinematic stars, concentrating on what each individual accomplished during the 1960s, with brief postscripts of their lives beyond the period.
There was much more to the Sixties than flower power and LSD, and the entries in this encyclopedia were compiled with an eye to providing a balanced view of the decade. Thus, unlike works that emphasize only the radical and revolutionary aspects of the period to the exclusion of everything else, these volumes include the political and cultural Right, taking a more academic than nostalgic approach and helping to fill a gap in the popular understanding of the era.
Table of Contents:
Guide to Related Topics
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Chronology of the 1960s
Aaron, Hank (1934–)
Abbey, Edward (1927–1989)
Abernathy, Ralph (1926–1990)
Abortion
Abzug, Bella (1920–1998)
Acid Rock
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
Agnew, Spiro Theodore (1918–1996)
Albany Movement
Albee, Edward (1928–)
Aldrin, Edwin "Buzz" (1930–)
Ali, Muhammad (1942–)
"Alice's Restaurant" (Arlo Guthrie, 1969)
Allen, Woody (1935–)
Alliance for Progress
Altamont (1969)
Amazing Mets (1969)
American Bandstand (1952–1989)
American Communist Party (CPUSA)
American Football League (AFL)
American Indian Movement (AIM)
American University Speech (John F. Kennedy, 1963)
Andy Griffith Show, The
Angelou, Maya (1928–)
Antiballistic Missile (ABM)
Antihero
Antiwar Movement, United States
Antonioni, Michelangelo (1912–2007)
Armstrong, Neil (1930–)
Ashe, Arthur (1943–1993)
Avalon, Frankie (1939–)
Avedon, Richard (1923–2004)
Avengers, The (1961–1969)
Baez, Joan Chandos (1941–)
Ball, George Wildman (1909–1994)
Ball, Lucille (1911–1989)
Barbie
Bay of Pigs Invasion (1961)
Beach Boys, The
Beatles, The (1959–1970)
Berlin Crisis (1958–1962)
Berrigan Brothers: Daniel Berrigan (1921–) and Philip Berrigan (1923–2002)
Birmingham, Alabama
Birth Control
Black Panther Party
Black Power
Blow-Up (1966)
Bob and Carol and Ted and Alice (1969)
Bonanza (1959–1973)
Bond, Horace Julian (1940–)
Bond, James
Bonnie and Clyde (1967)
Bouffant (1960s)
Bra Burning
Brandt, Willy (1913–1992)
Brautigan, Richard (1935–1984)
Brezhnev, Leonid Ilich (1906–1982)
British Invasion
Brooks, Gwendolyn (1917–2000)
Brown, H. Rap (1943–)
Brown, James (1933–2006)
Brown, James Nathaniel (1936–)
Bullitt (1968)
Bundy Brothers: McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996) and William Bundy (1917–2000)
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)
Byrds, The (1965–1973)
Cabaret (1966)
Cage, John (1912–1992)
Calder, Alexander (1898–1976)
Callas, Maria (1923–1977)
Calley, Lt. William L., Jr. (1943–)
Camelot (1960)
Capote, Truman (1924–1984)
Carmichael, Stokely (1941–1998)
Carnaby Street
Carson, Rachel (1907–1964)
Cash, Johnny (1932–2003)
Castro, Fidel (1926–)
Catch-22 (1961)
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (1960–1969)
Chamberlain, Wilt (1936–1999)
Chávez, César Estrada (1927–1993)
Checker, Chubby (1941–)
Chicago Seven
Child, Julia (1912–2004)
Chisholm, Shirley (1924–2005)
Civil Disobedience
Civil Rights Act of 1960
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Civil Rights Movement
Clark, Dick (1929–)
Clean Air Act of 1963
Clean Water Act
Cleaver, Leroy Eldridge (1935–1998)
Clemente, Roberto (1934–1972)
Clifford, Clark (1906–1998)
Cloward-Piven Strategy
Coffin, William Sloane (1924–2006)
Collins, Michael (1930–)
Coltrane, John William (1926–1967)
Columbia University (1968)
Commoner, Barry (1917–)
Communes
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Cool Hand Luke (1967)
Corvair
Cosmopolitan magazine
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) (1961)
Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young (CSNY) (1968–)
Cuban Missile Crisis
Dale, Dick (1937–)
Daley, Richard J. (1902–1976)
Danger Man (1960)
Davis, Miles Dewey, III (1926–1991)
DDT
De Gaulle, Charles (1890–1970)
Deloria, Vine, Jr. (1933–2005)
Democratic Party (1960–1969)
Democratic Party National Convention of 1968
DeSalvo, Albert (1931–2005)
Detroit Riots (1967)
Dick, Philip K. (1928–1982)
Diem, Ngo Dinh (1901–1963)
Diggers, The
Dirksen, Everett McKinley (1896–1969)
Doors, The
Dr. Strangelove, Or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964)
Dulles, Allen Welsh (1893–1969)
Dylan, Bob (1941–)
East Village
Eastwood, Clint (1930–)
Easy Rider (1969)
Ecology
Ed Sullivan Show, The (1948–1971)
Eisenhower, Dwight David (1890–1969)
Eisenhower's Farewell Address
Evers, Medgar (1925–1963)
Factor, Max (1877–1938)
Factory, The
Fail-Safe (1964)
Fantasticks, The (1960)
Farmer, James Leonard, Jr. (1920–1999)
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
Fellini, Federico (1920–1994)
Fiddler on the Roof (1964)
Fleming, Peggy (1948–)
Fonda, Jane (1937–)
Foote, Shelby (1916–2005)
Forman, James (1928–2005)
Fragging
Frankenthaler, Helen (1928–)
Franklin, Aretha Louise (1942–)
Free Speech Movement (1964)
Freedom of Information Act of 1966
Freedom Rides (1961)
Freedom Summer (1964)
Friedan, Betty (1921–2006)
Fulbright, James William (1905–1995)
Funicello, Annette (1942–)
Gagarin, Yuri (1934–1968)
Galbraith, John Kenneth (1908–2006)
Garrison, Jim (1921–1992)
Get Smart (1965–1970)
Getz, Stan (1927–1991)
Giancana, Sam (1908–1975)
Giap, Vo Nguyen (1911–)
Gibson, Bob (1935–)
G.I. Joe
Ginsberg, Allen (1926–1997)
Girl from U.N.C.L.E., The (1966–1967)
Glassboro Summit (1967)
Glenn, John (1921–)
Go-Go
Godard, Jean-Luc (1930–)
Goldwater, Barry (1909–1998)
Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. (1964–1969)
Graduate, The (1967)
Graham, Katharine (1917–2001)
Great Society, The
Green Berets
Green Movement
Greening of America, The (1970)
Greensboro Sit-In (1960)
Griffiths, Martha Wright (1912–2003)
Gropius, Walter (1883–1969)
Gruening, Ernest Henry (1887–1974)
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)
Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1928–1967)
Guthrie, Arlo (1947–)
Haggard, Merle (1937–)
Haight-Ashbury
Hair (1967–1972)
Hamer, Fannie Lou (1917–1977)
Hanoi Hilton
Harriman, William Averell (1891–1986)
Harrington, Michael (1928–1989)
Head Start (1965)
Hee Haw (1969–1993)
Height, Dorothy Irene (1912–2010)
Hello, Dolly! (1964)
Hendrix, Jimi (1942–1970)
Hepburn, Audrey (1929–1993)
Hippies and the Counterculture Movement
Hoffa, James Riddle (1913–c. 1975)
Hoffman, Abbie (1936–1989)
Hootenannies
Humphrey, Hubert (1911–1978)
Hustler, The (1961)
"I Have a Dream" Speech (Martin Luther King Jr., 1963)
I Spy (1965–1968)
"Ich Bin Ein Berliner" Speech (John F. Kennedy, 1963)
Immigration and Naturalization Amendment Acts of 1965
In the Heat of the Night (1967)
"Is God Dead?" (Time magazine, 1966)
Jackson, Jesse (1941–)
Jesus Movement
Job Corps (1964)
John XXIII, Blessed Pope (1881–1963)
Johns, Jasper (1930–)
Johnson, Claudia Alta Taylor (1912–2007)
Johnson, Lyndon Baines (1908–1973)
Joplin, Janis (1943–1970)
Judd, Donald (1928–1994)
Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)
Kennedy, Edward Moore (1932–2009)
Kennedy, John F. (1917–1963)
Kennedy, Robert F. (1925–1968)
Kennedy's Inaugural Address (1961)
Kerner Commission (1968)
Kerouac, Jack (1922–1969)
Kesey, Ken (1935–2001)
Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeyevich (1894–1971)
King, Billie Jean (1943–)
King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929–1968)
Kinks, The
Kissinger, Henry (1923–)
Kosygin, Alexei (1904–1980)
Kozol, Jonathan (1936–)
Kubrick, Stanley (1928–1999)
Ky, Nguyen Cao (1930–2011)
La Dolce Vita (1960)
Lansdale, Edward G. (1908–1987)
Laver, Rod (1938–)
Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
Lawrence Welk Show, The (1955–1971)
Leary, Timothy (1920–1996)
Lewis, Jerry Lee (1935–)
Liberation Theology
Lichtenstein, Roy (1923–1997)
Life magazine (1936–1972)
Liuzzo, Viola (1925–1965)
Lodge, Henry Cabot (1902–1985)
Lolita (1955)
Lombardi, Vince (1913–1970)
Lowell, Robert (1917–1977)
Lowenstein, Allard K. (1929–1980)
LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide)
Lynn, Loretta (1932–)
Lyon, Sue (1946–)
Maddox, Lester Garfield (1921–2003)
Malcolm X (1925–1965)
Man from U.N.C.L.E., The (1964–1968)
Man of La Mancha (1965)
Mansfield, Jayne (1933–1967)
Mansfield, Michael Joseph (1903–2001)
Manson, Charles (1934–)
Mao Zedong (1893–1976)
March on Washington (1963)
March on Washington (1968)
March to Selma (1965)
Marijuana
Marshall, Thurgood (1908–1993)
Marxists in South America
Masters and Johnson (Bill Masters and Virginia Johnson)
Max, Peter (1937–)
Mays, Willie (1931–)
McCarthy, Eugene Joseph (1916–2005)
McCloy, John Jay (1895–1989)
McCone, John Alexander (1902–1991)
McDonald, Joseph "Country Joe" (1942–)
Means, Russell (1939–)
Medicare/Medicaid (1965)
Meredith, James (1933–)
Merrick, David (1911–2000)
Mexico City Riots (1968)
Midnight Cowboy (1969)
Minh, Ho Chi (1890–1969)
Minimalism
Mini-Midi-Maxi Dress
Mink, Patsy Takemoto (1927–2002)
Miranda Decision (1966)
Miss America (1960–1969)
Mississippi Burning Murders (1964)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)
Mitchell, Joni (1943–)
Model Cities Program (1966)
Monkees, The (1966–1970)
Monroe, Marilyn (1926–1962)
Montagnards
Monterey Pop Festival (1967)
Moon Rocks
Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam (1969)
Morris, Willie (1934–1999)
Motley, Constance Baker (1921–2005)
Motown
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (1927–2003)
My Lai (1968)
NAACP (1960–1969)
Nader, Ralph (1934–)
Namath, Joe (1943–)
Napalm
National Organization for Women (NOW)
National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC) (1971)
New Frontier, The
New York World's Fair (1964–1965)
Newton, Huey (1942–1989)
Nicklaus, Jack (1940–)
Night of the Living Dead (1968)
Nixon, Richard Milhous (1913–1994)
Nixon-Kennedy Debates (1960)
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)
Nuclear Testing
Ochs, Philip David (1940–1976)
Oh! Calcutta! (1969)
Once Upon a Time in the West (1968)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962)
Op Art
Operation Mongoose (1961–1962)
Operation Phoenix (1967)
Operation Rolling Thunder (1965–1968)
Orbison, Roy Kelton (1936–1988)
Oswald, Lee Harvey (1939–1963)
Owens, Buck (1929–2006)
Palmer, Arnold (1929–)
Paper Clothing
Paris Peace Talks (1968–1973)
Paul VI, Pope (1897–1978)
Peace Sign
Peanuts (1950–2000)
Pei, I.M. (1917–)
Pentagon Papers (1971)
Pepsi Generation, The
Performance Art
Peter, Paul, and Mary (1962–2009)
Planet of the Apes (1968)
Playboy magazine
Pleiku
Polanski, Roman (1933–)
Polaroid
Poor People's Campaign (1967)
Pop Art
Powers, Francis Gary (1929–1977)
Prague Spring Movement (1968)
President's Commission on the Status of Women (PCSW) (1963)
Presidential Election of 1960
Presidential Election of 1964
Presidential Election of 1968
Presley, Elvis (1935–1977)
Price, Mary Violet Leontyne (1927–)
Prisoner, The (1966)
Producers, The (1968)
Project Apollo
Project Gemini
Project Mercury
Protest Music
Psychedelic
Psycho (1960)
Pueblo Incident (1968)
Ramparts magazine (1962–1975)
Randolph, Asa Philip (1889–1979)
Rat Pack
Reagan, Ronald Wilson (1911–2004)
Reagan's Speech on Behalf of Barry Goldwater: "A Time for Choosing"
Republican Party (1960–1969)
Reuther, Walter P. (1907–1970)
Rigg, Diana (1938–)
Rockefeller, Nelson Aldrich (1908–1979)
Roddenberry, Gene (1921–1991)
Rolling Stones, The
Romeo and Juliet (1968)
Roosevelt, Eleanor (1884–1962)
Rosemary's Baby (1968)
Rostow, Walt Whitman (1916–2003)
Roszak, Theodore (1933–2011)
Ruby, Jack (1911–1967)
Rudolph, Wilma (1940–1994)
Rusk, Dean (1909–1994)
Russell, William Felton (1934–)
Rustin, Bayard (1910–1987)
Saint, The (1962–1969)
Sassoon, Vidal (1928–)
Savio, Mario (1942–1996)
Schaeffer, Francis (1912–1984)
Schlafly, Phyllis (1924–)
School Prayer
Seeger, Pete (1919–)
Segal, George (1924–2000)
Selective Service
Sesame Street
17th Parallel
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)
Shankar, Ravi (1920–)
Shepard, Alan (1923–1998)
Shriver, Robert Sargent (1915–2011)
Shuttlesworth, Fred (1922–2011)
Sierra Club
Silent Majority
Silent Spring (1962)
Simon and Garfunkel
Single Bullet Theory
Sirhan, Sirhan (1944–)
Six-Day War (June 5–10, 1967)
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill
Slaughterhouse-Five (1969)
Sly and the Family Stone
Smith, Margaret Chase (1897–1995)
Smithson, Robert (1938–1973)
Smothers Brothers
Snyder, Gary (1930–)
Sound of Music, The (1965)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Space Race
Spaghetti Westerns
Spelling, Aaron (1923–2006)
Spock, Benjamin (1903–1998)
Star Trek (1966–1969)
Steinem, Gloria (1934–)
Stella, Frank (1936–)
Stonewall
Stranger in a Strange Land (1961)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Summer of Love/San Francisco (1967)
Surfing
Susann, Jacqueline (1918–1974)
Taylor, Maxwell (1901–1987)
Teach-In: University of Michigan (1965)
Tet Offensive (1968)
They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969)
Thieu, Nguyen Van (1924–2001)
Tito, Josip Broz (1892–1980)
To Kill a Mockingbird (1960)
To Sir, with Love (1967)
Topless Bathing Suit
Transcendental Meditation (TM)
True Grit (1969)
Truffaut, François (1932–1984)
Twiggy (1949–)
2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
U-2 Incident
Unitas, Johnny (1933–2002)
United Farm Workers (UFW)
United Klans of America (UKA)
Unsafe at Any Speed (1965)
USS Liberty
"V" Sign
Vatican Council II/Second Vatican Council (1962–1965)
Venturi, Robert Charles (1925–)
Vienna Summit (1961)
Viet Cong
Viet Minh
Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)
Vietnam War (1960–1975)
Vietnamization
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Vreeland, Diana (1906–1989)
War on Poverty
Warhol, Andy (1928–1987)
Warren Commission (1962–1964)
Watts Riots (1965)
Wayne, John (1907–1979)
West Side Story (1957–1961)
White Citizens' Councils
Who, The (1964–1978)
Wild Bunch, The (1969)
Women's International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH)
Woodstock (1969)
Wynette, Tammy (1942–1998)
Yippies (Youth International Party)
Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)
Young, Andrew (1932–)
Youth Culture
Zumwalt, Elmo, Jr. (1920–2000)
Annotated Bibliography
About the Editors and Contributors
Index
About the Author :
James S. Baugess is instructor in the Humanities Department at Columbus State Community College, Columbus, OH.
Abbe Allen DeBolt is instructor of history and political science in the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at Sandhills Community College, Pinehurst, NC.
Review :
This set provides a balanced approach to the 1960s that is not always found in other similar resources. The articles are well-written and provide bibliographic sources, emphasizing the work's scholarly approach to the subject. This resource will help fill a gap in the literature and help students understand the era in a more balanced way that reflects more than the legends surrounding it. It will serve well as a supplement to other contemporary U.S. history sources in high school and academic libraries.
This encyclopedia will enhance students' understanding of this tumultuous decade. . . . Well-written and informative. . . . Highly recommended.
Informative and user-friendly, this concise overview is good for initial inquiry for those just requiring a brief summary or as a starting point for further examination. Recommended for middle and high school libraries as well as public libraries.
This encyclopaedia delivers a wide range of information in a transparent way. . . . The Sixties are rightly seen as an important transitional period, and this work gives us a clear idea of the elements that made it up.
