Bioactive Components of Human Milk: (501 Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology)

The major emphasis in this book is a compilation and definition of what is known about components of human milk, including glycoconjugates, that inhibit common pathogens of the infant. Also discussed are other bioactive constituents whose relevant biological roles are also beginning to be defined. Hormonal and cytokine activity, immunomodulating and autoinflammatory agents, xenobiotics, and conditionally essential nutrients in milk could have roles in the protection of the infant, but may also participate in digestive processes, maternal-infant communication, maturation of the gut, central nervous system, and other components of infant growth and development. Like the protective activities, these are discussed in terms of their presence in milk, structures, potential functions, and structure/function relationship. Components whose role is nutritional support during early development of the infant are also included.

Table of Contents:
Dedication. Preface; D.S. Newburg. Section I: Introduction. 1. Bioactive components of human milk: evolution, efficiency, and protection; D.S. Newburg. 2. Human milk and the response of intestinal epithelium to infection; K. Bernt, W.A. Walker. 3. MUC1 and MUC-X, epithelial mucins of breast and milk; S. Patton, M.-G. Awardee. 4. Drug transport into milk; P.J. McNamara. Section II: Hormones & Growth Factors in Mammary Development and in Milk. Overview. 5. The transforming growth factors beta in development and functional differentiation of the mouse mammary gland; C.W. Daniel, et al. 6. Is milk a conduit for developmental signals? K.D. Nusser, L.S. Frawley. 7. Regulation of cell apoptosis by insulin-like growth factor 1; D.L. Hadsel, G. Abdel-Fattah. 8. Human milk contains detectable levels of immunoreactive leptin; R.E. Lyle, et al. 9. Induction of expression of branched-chain aminotransferase and alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in rat tissues during lactation; S. DeSantiago, et al. 10. A low-fat diet but not food restriction improves lactational performance in obese rats; K.M. Rasmussen, et al. 11. Human lactoferrin in the milk of transgenic mice increases intestinal growth in ten-day-old suckling neonates; P. Zhang, et al. 12. Growth rates of a human colon adenocardinoma cell line are regulated by the milk protein alpha-lactalbumin; L.G. Sternhagen, J.C. Allen. Section III: Molk Lipids and the Milk Fat Globule. Overview. 13. Assembly and secretion of the lipid globules of milk; T.W. Keenan. 14. Prolonged breast-feeding (six months or more) and milk fat content at six months are associated with higher developmental scores at one year of age within a breast-fed population; C. Agostoni, et al. 15. Presence of carotenoid, an anticarcinogenic marker, in nipple aspirates postlactation; C. Covington, et al. 16. The anticarcinogenic conjugated fatty acid c9, t11-C18:2, or rumenic acid, in human milk: amounts and effects; R.G. Jensen, C. Lammi-Keefe. 17. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations in human hindmilk are constant throughout twelve-month lactation; C. Agostoni, et al. 18. Parenteral infusion of a lactating woman with intralipid: changes in milk and plasma fatty acids; R.G. Jensen, et al. 19. Investigation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in lactating women with stable isotope techniques; H. Demmelmair, et al. 20. Structural and functional aspects of three major glycoproteins of the human milk fat globule membrane; J.A. Peterson, et al. 21. Anti-infectious properties of the human milk fat globule membrane; H. Schroten, et al. Section IV: Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Milk. Overview. 22. Homeostasis of mucosal immune system: human milk and lactation; J. Mestecky. 23. Anti-inflammatory characteristics of human milk: how, where, why; E.S. Buescher. 24. Development of a topical vaginal microbicide: lessons learned from human milk; C.E. Isaacs, et al. 25. Does human lactoferrin in the milk of transgenic mice deliver iron to suckling neonates? L.H. Hanson, et al. 26. Changes in lactoferrin and lysozyme levels in human milk during the