Fundamental Aspects of Heterogeneous Catalysis Studied by Particle Beams: (265 NATO Science Series B)

Present day heterogeneous catalysis is rapidly being transformed from a technical art into a science-based technology. A major contribution to this important change is the advance of surface spectroscopic techniques able to characterize the complex surfaces of the heterogeneous catalytic system. The Advanced Study Institute (on which the current proceedings is based) has as its primary aim the bringing together of a variety of lecturers, outstanding in those fields of experience, to enable a broad coverage of different relevant approaches. Not only catalyst characterization but also catalytic reactivity had to be covered in order to relate catalyst properties with catalyst performance. Since modern catalysis relates catalytic performance to microscopic molecular catalyst features, theoretical electronic aspects also had to be included. The Advanced Study Institute had a unique feature in that it brought together physicists, catalytic chemists and chemical engineers whom rarely directly interact. From physics especially new experimental possibilities of beams were emphasized. At present it is possible to obtain very detailed information on model catalysts, whilst the applications to practical catalysts are gaining rapidly in sophistication. Apart from the plenary lectures, the Institute included "hot topics" to highlight special developments and offered participants the opportunity to present contributed papers (either orally or as a poster). These contributions formed an integral part of the summer school and significantly enhanced the interaction between participants. Inclusion of the hot topics and contributed papers in these proceedings give them an added topical value.

Table of Contents:
General Catalysis.- to the Use of Particle Beam Techniques in Heterogeneous Catalysis.- Heterogeneous Catalysts and Catalytic Processes.- Production of Industrial Catalysts.- Importance of Surface Chemistry/Catalysis in the Processing of Semiconductors.- Irreversible Adsorption of Metal Atoms in Electrocatalysis.- Electrocatalysis on Well-Defined Platinum Surfaces.- Effect of Surface-Catalyzed NO Formation on Thermal Load in Hypersonics.- Electrochemical Probing of Step and Terrace Sites on Pt[n(11?1)×(111)] and Pt[n(111)×(100)].- Reactivity.- Quantum Chemistry of Surface Chemical Reactivity.- Ion Scattering as a Tool for a Better Understanding of Chemical Reactions on Surfaces.- Oscillating Structural Changes in Catalytic Reactions.- Molecular Dynamics for Reactions of Heterogeneous Catalysis.- Is There a Distribution of Transition State Energies in the Reaction Coordinate of CO Oxidation on Pt Foil?.- Catalyst Characterization.- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Studies of Catalysts.- Photons.- Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts by Vibrational Spectroscopies.- Applications of X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy in Catalysis.- A Model for Characterising the Growth of Ruthenium on Amorphous Alumina by the Use of the Auger Parameter.- In Situ FTIR Spectroscopy of Cu-Cr Catalysts in CO Oxidation.- Depth Profiling of Rh/CeO2 Catalysts: an Alternative Method for Dispersion Analysis.- Electrons.- Electron Stimulated Desorption and Other Methods for the Study of Surface Phenomena Related to Atomic Level Aspects of Heterogeneous Catalysis.- HREELS and TDS Studies of NO + H2 and NH3 + O2 Reactions on Pt(111).- Neutrons.- Use of Neutron Beams in Studying Vibrational Modes of Molecules Adsorbed on Catalysts.- Ions.- Low-Energy Ion Scattering Investigations of Catalysts I.- Low-Energy Ion Scattering Investigations of Catalysts II.- Time-of-Flight Scattering and Recoiling Spectrometry (TOF-SARS) for Surface Structure Determinations.- High-E Ion Scattering and Atom Location.- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry — Fundamentals and Application to Heterogeneous Catalysis.- Study of the Pt3Sn(100), (111) and (110) Single Crystal Surfaces by LEIS and LEED.- Study of the Surface Structure of V2O5/?-Al2O3 Catalysts by LEIS.- Growth of Palladium on Zinc Oxide Surfaces.- Ion Scattering Analysis of Rh Adlayers on Alumina Films.- Energy-Dependent Effects in Low Energy Ion Scattering from TiO2, Ti and H2O Ice.- Factors Which Affect Peak Shapes and Areas in Ion Scattering Spectroscopy.- The Measurement of Absolute Surface Coverages Using Nuclear Reaction Analysis.- On the Neutralization Models in LEIS.- Deuterium-Oxygen Reaction on Pt(111): Catalysis by Defects.- Directors and Lecturers.