Inner Speech and Thought: (Monographs in Psychology)

electrical activity during thinking, both with and without verbalization and the use of language. Although seemingly simple, these experiments tackle a very complex subject with which psychologists, linguists, and others are only beginning to come to grips. Sokolov and his group have succeeded admirably in splitting the subject apart by driving in the wedges of objective measurement and unique experimental formulations. Chapter IX dips into the neurology and neurophysiology of motor speech and its feedback mechanisms and the dynamic localization and organization of the cerebral mechanisms responsible for symbolic formulation of speech and thought. The bibliography brings together a considerable number of Russian publications on this subject, as well as some of the pertinent American and European literature. This book is a welcome addition to an important field. Donald B. Lindsley Professor, Departments of Psychology, Physiology, and Psychiatry, and Member of the Brain Research Institute, of California, Los Angeles University Contents Introduction ...Part One GENERAL PROBLEMS OF STUDY Chapter I Theories of the Interrelation of Speech and Thought ...1 1 Chapter II The Problem of Inner Speech in Psychology ...34 ...1. Early Investigations of Inner Speech...34 ...2. Discussion of Inner-Speech in Soviet Psychology ...46 3. Verbal Interference Methods in the Study of Inner Speech ...52 .

Table of Contents:
One General Problems of Study.- I Theories of the Interrelation of Speech and Thought.- II The Problem of Inner Speech in Psychology.- 1. Early Investigations of Inner Speech.- 2. Discussion of Inner-Speech in Soviet Psychology.- 3. Verbal Interference Methods in the Study of Inner Speech.- 4. Detecting Concealed Speech Reactions by Conditioned-Reflex Methods.- 5. Conditioned Reflexes to Numbers.- 6. Clinical Observations.- 7. Interrelation of Internal and External Speech and Their Intermediate Forms.- III Generalization and Reduction in Speech during the Emergence of Mental Acts.- 1. Generalized Associations and Abbreviated Inferences.- 2. Reduction of the Logical Algorithm in the Solution of Physics Problems with Formalization of Mental Activities.- 3. Verbal Generalizations and Verbal Semantic Complexes in Translation from Foreign Languages.- Two Effect of Articulatory Interference on Mental Activity.- IV Impairment of the Auditory Perception and Understanding of Speech by Articulatory Interference.- 1. Experimental Approach to Study of the Functions of Inner Speech.- 2. Negative Effect of Articulatory Interference on the Understanding and Memorization of Speech Heard.- 3. Appearance of Fragmentary Inner Speech with Automatization of Speech Movements and during Micropauses in Articulatory Interference.- 4. Insufficiency of Fragmentary Inner Speech for an Understanding of Difficult Texts-the Need for Unfolded Articulation of Words.- 5. Inner Speech as a Mechanism of Semantic Grouping.- V Comparative Effect of Various Articulatory Conditions on the Processes of Perception, Memorization, and Thought.- 1. Testing the Effect of Verbal and Nonverbal Motor Induction.- 2. The Scope and Accuracy of Visual Perception under Various Conditions of Articulation.- 3. Memorization and Reproduction of Drawings and Words under Various Conditions of Articulation.- 4. Solution of Arithmetical Problems under Various Conditions of Articulation.- 5. Translation of Texts from Foreign Languages under Various Conditions of Articulation.- 6. Principal Conclusions from the Speech Interference Experiments..- Three Electromyographic Studies of Inner Speech.- VI Electromyographic Study of Inner Speech and an Overview of Electromyograms Revealing Concealed Articulation.- 1. Electrical Activity of the Speech Musculature as an Objective Indicator of Hidden Speech Processes.- 2. Micromovements of the Tongue in Inner Speech.- 3. Methods of Recording Action Potentials of Speech Musculature..- 4. General Characteristics of the Electrical Activity of Speech Musculature with Vocalized and Silent Articulation of Words.- 5. Electromyograms of Concealed Articulation during "Mental Arithmetic".- 6. Electromyograms of Concealed Articulation while Reading to Oneself and Listening to Speech.- 7. Electromyograms of Concealed Articulation during Mental Reproduction and Recollection of Verbal Material.- 8. Electromyograms of Concealed Articulation during Manipulation of Graphic-Visual Material.- 9. Principal Conclusions from Preliminary Experiments.- VII Integrated Electrical Activity of Speech Musculature as an Indicator of Verbal Thought Process.- 1. Method of Recording and Measuring the Integrated Electrical Activity of the Speech Musculature.- 2. Measurement of the Integrated Electrical Activity of the Speech Musculature during Mental Arithmetic.- 3. Measurement of the Integrated Electrical Activity of the Speech Musculature during Silent Reading of Texts.- VIII The Electrical Activity of the Speech Musculature in Concrete Thinking..- 1. Issues and Methods of the Electromyographic Investigation of Concrete Thinking.- 2. Dynamics of the Integrated Electrical Activity of the Speech Musculature during the Solution of Raven's Matrix Problems.- 3. Instances of Solution of Matrix Problems without Discernible Motor Speech Excitation.- 4. Relationship between Speech Musculature Tension and Other Physiological Indices (GSR and EEG).- 5. Analysis of the Subjects' Verbal Reports and General Discussion of the Problem of Concrete Thinking.- 6. Principal Conclusions from the Physiological Experiments with Matrix Problems.- IX Motor Speech Afferentation and the Cerebral Mechanisms of Thought.- 1. Dynamic Localization of Speech Functions.- 2. Penfield's Concept of the Functional Anatomy of Speech and Its Shortcomings.- 3. The Neurophysiological Mechanisms of Motor Speech Afferentation.- 4. Tonic and Phasic Electrical Activity of the Speech Musculature in the Process of Intellectual Activity.- Conclusion.- Author Index.