In Bitterness and in Tears: Andrew Jackson's Destruction of the Creeks and Seminoles

The seldom-recalled Creek War of 1813-1814 and its extension, the First Seminole War of 1818, had significant consequences for the growth of the United States. Beginning as a civil war between Muscogee factions, the struggle escalated into a war between the Moscogees and the United States after insurgent Red Sticks massacred over 250 whites and mixed-bloods at Fort Mims on the Alabama River on August 30, 1813—the worst frontier massacre in U.S. history. After seven months of bloody fighting, U.S. forces inflicted a devastating defeat on the Red Sticks at Horseshoe Bend on the Tallapoosa River on March 27, 1814—the most disastrous defeat ever suffered by Native Americans. The defeat of the Muscogees (Creeks), the only serious impediments to U.S. westward expansion, opened millions of acres of land to the white settlers and firmly established the Cotton Kingdom and slavery in the Deep South. For southeastern Native Americans, the war resulted in the destruction of their civilization and forced removal west of the Mississippi: The Trail of Tears. O'Brien presents both the American and Native American perspectives of this important chapter of U.S. history. He also examines the roles of the neighboring tribes and African Americans who lived in the Muscogee nation.

Table of Contents:
Prologue: "A Most Bloody Butchery" Two Nations The Catalyst The Opportunists Collision Course The Allies Old Hickory "Shot Them Like Dogs" The Mutineers "They Are Killing Everything" "Untrodden Wilderness" Red Stick Resurgence "He Makes Them Do Their Duty" "The River of Blood" "My Warriors Can No Longer Hear My Voice" Red Coats and Red Allies "Hot Bed of the Indian War" A Troubled Peace The Return of Sharp Knife "Every Principal Villain . . . Dead or Taken" One Nation Epilogue: "An Indiscriminate Slaughter" Works Cited

About the Author :
SEAN MICHAEL O'BRIEN is an independent writer. He is the author of Mountain Partisans: Guerrilla Warfare in the Southern Appalachians, 1861-1865 and Mobile, 1865: Last Stand of the Confederacy.

Review :
"[a] definitive study of the Creek War of 1813-1814 and the First Seminole War of 1818....Very highly recommended reading which offers a wealth of details and insight, In Bitterness and in Tears is an impressive contribution to American History and Native American reading lists and academic reference collections."-Internet Bookwatch ?[a] definitive study of the Creek War of 1813-1814 and the First Seminole War of 1818....Very highly recommended reading which offers a wealth of details and insight, In Bitterness and in Tears is an impressive contribution to American History and Native American reading lists and academic reference collections.?-Internet Bookwatch ?Independent historian O'Brien writes about the Creek War of 1813-14 in Alabama during the War of 1812, and its extension, the Seminole War of 1818, in Spanish Florida. The Creek or Red Stick War secured for Andrew Jackson his reputation as a military hero and paved the way for the removal of all the southeastern Indians....Recommended. General and undergraduate collections.?-Choice "Ýa¨ definitive study of the Creek War of 1813-1814 and the First Seminole War of 1818....Very highly recommended reading which offers a wealth of details and insight, In Bitterness and in Tears is an impressive contribution to American History and Native American reading lists and academic reference collections."-Internet Bookwatch "Independent historian O'Brien writes about the Creek War of 1813-14 in Alabama during the War of 1812, and its extension, the Seminole War of 1818, in Spanish Florida. The Creek or Red Stick War secured for Andrew Jackson his reputation as a military hero and paved the way for the removal of all the southeastern Indians....Recommended. General and undergraduate collections."-Choice