How Knowledge Grows: The Evolutionary Development of Scientific Practice

An argument that the development of scientific practice and growth of scientific knowledge are governed by Darwin's evolutionary model of descent with modification. An argument that the development of scientific practice and growth of scientific knowledge are governed by Darwin's evolutionary model of descent with modification. Although scientific investigation is influenced by our cognitive and moral failings as well as all of the factors impinging on human life, the historical development of scientific knowledge has trended toward an increasingly accurate picture of an increasing number of phenomena. Taking a fresh look at Thomas Kuhn's 1962 work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, in How Knowledge Grows Chris Haufe uses evolutionary theory to explain both why scientific practice develops the way it does and how scientific knowledge expands. This evolutionary model, claims Haufe, helps to explain what is epistemically special about scientific knowledge- its tendency to grow in both depth and breadth. Kuhn showed how intellectual communities achieve consensus in part by discriminating against ideas that differ from their own and isolating themselves intellectually from other fields of inquiry and broader social concerns. These same characteristics, says Haufe, determine a biological population's degree of susceptibility to modification by natural selection. He argues that scientific knowledge grows, even across generations of variable groups of scientists, precisely because its development is governed by Darwinian evolution. Indeed, he supports the claim that this susceptibility to modification through natural selection helps to explain the epistemic power of certain branches of modern science. In updating and expanding the evolutionary approach to scientific knowledge, Haufe provides a model for thinking about science that acknowledges the historical contingency of scientific thought while showing why we nevertheless should trust the results of scientific research when it is the product of certain kinds of scientific communities.

Table of Contents:
Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 I The Evolution of Scientific Knowledge 7 1 Again with the Science and the Evolution? 11 2 The Persistence of Practice 45 3 Isolation of the Evolving Population 71 4 Directionality and the Refinement of Scientific Practice 105 5 Branching and the Growth of Scientific Knowledge 141 6 The Recovery of Scientific Knowledge 177 II The Emergence of a Discipline 207 7 The Philosophical Foundations of Disciplinary Autonomy 213 8 Attempted Paleontology 227 9 Wonderful Death 271 Notes 309 References 315 Index 329

About the Author :
Chris Haufe is Elizabeth M. and William C. Treuhaft Professor of the Humanities at Case Western Reserve University.

Review :
“Haufe’s book offers a compelling case for why we should take the analogy between science and Darwinian evolution seriously. He shows that Darwinian selection is at the core of science’s production of knowledge—growing it ever deeper and ever broader with time.” —Ahmed Al-Juhany, Quarterly Review of Biology “Overall, [How Knowledge Grows] provides a fascinating, clearly argued, and at times compelling account. There is grandeur in this view of science, and this book might provide a promising starting point for further research into an evolutionary understanding of the scientific process. This should be essential reading for anyone interested in the history or epistemology of science, as well as the philosophy of biology or paleontology.” —Metascience  "Well-informed, enjoyable to read, and well-argued. It provides a much-needed update to an important line of thought in 20th century philosophy of science, and will be useful for researchers working on a diverse range of issues: from traditional epistemological questions such as demarcating science from nonscience; to the application of cultural evolutionary theory in the philosophy of science in practice; to the history of science." —Evolution