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Home > History and Archaeology > History > The Elementary Nervous System
The Elementary Nervous System

The Elementary Nervous System


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Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: SECTION II. RECEPTOR-EFFECTOR SYSTEMS CHAPTER VI THE NEUEOMUSCULAR STRUCTURE OF SEA-ANEMONES Sponges are animals in whose structure a very simple type of muscle is the only part that represents the neuromuscular mechanism of the higher animals. These muscles, moreover, are so insignificant in amount and so slight in their action that a living sponge seems more like a plant than an animal in its inertness. Compared with such sluggish responses as those shown by sponges, the movements of hydroids, coral animals, sea-anemones, jellyfish and other crelenterates are quick, though the movements of these animals are in turn slow compared with those of vertebrates and especially of insects. This quickened rate of response, which distinguishes the (jcelenterates from the sponges, is associated with the fact that the ccelenterates possess not only muscles but also nervous organs in the form of simple sensory surfaces by which their muscles are called into action more quickly than they would be by direct stimulation. Such a system includes two of the three elements already pointed out as essential to a complete neuromuscular organization and may be designated from the particular elements present a receptor-effector system. The receptor-effector system with some of its most important modifications is well shown in such animals as sea-anemones on which in fact some of the earliest studies in these directions were made. The more typical sea- anemones or actinians (Fig. 17) are cylindrical animals attached by one end, the pedal disc, to a rock or other firm support in the sea and carrying at the other end, the oral Fio. 17.?Diagram of a longitudinal section of the sea-anemone Mr/riilium: the area of attachment is the pedal disc p; in the middle of the oral disc o is the mouth lea...


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780217347419
  • Publisher: General Books
  • Publisher Imprint: General Books
  • Height: 246 mm
  • No of Pages: 64
  • Spine Width: 3 mm
  • Width: 189 mm
  • ISBN-10: 021734741X
  • Publisher Date: 09 Jan 2012
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Weight: 132 gr

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