Instructional Methods for Secondary Students with Learning and Behavior Problems

This book presents teaching principles useful to general high school educators and special educators working with students demonstrating a variety of academic, behavioral, and social needs in secondary schools.   Instructional Methods for Adolescents with Learning and Behavior Problems continues to fill a void in the textbook arena by presenting a comprehensive package of teaching techniques useful in helping secondary special educators develop and implement instruction that is appropriate for all students. The diversity of the needs of secondary students with disabilities and the challenge of providing appropriate educational services in general education settings places unique demands on students and their teachers, and this text provides much-needed information and support.

Table of Contents:
Each chapter concludes with “Summary” and “References.”   Preface.   I.  EDUCATIONAL PERSPECTIVES IN SECONDARY SPECIAL EDUCATION.   1. Foundations of Secondary Special Education.   Legislative Foundations                         No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Special Education Vocational Education Implications of NCLB, and Special and Vocational Education Legislation A Transition Perspective Identifying Goals and Objectives Transfer of Training Articulation of Services The Goals of Secondary Special Education Factors Influencing the Development of Secondary Special Education Programs Attitude toward Secondary Special Education Structure of Regular Secondary Education Curricular Emphasis Teacher Preparation Programs Insufficient Database Lack of Appropriate Materials   2. Postsecondary Service Options.   Postsecondary Educational Programs Two-Year Colleges Four-Year Colleges and Universities Postsecondary Technical Programs Business and Industry Vocational Rehabilitation Sheltered Rehabilitation Centers Supported Employment Services Postsecondary Service Selection   3. Challenges of Adolescence. Anjali Misra & Susasn Mary Paige   Juvenile Delinquency Incidence Causes Intervention Needs Teacher Responsibilities Dropouts Incidence Causes Intervention Needs Teacher Responsibilities Substance Abuse Incidence    Causes    Intervention Needs    Teacher Responsibilities    Depression    Incidence    Causes    Intervention Needs    Teacher Responsibilities    Suicide    Incidence Causes    Intervention Needs    Teacher Responsibilities   Sexually Transmitted Diseases Incidence Causes Intervention Needs Teacher Responsibilities Teenage Pregnancy Incidence Causes Intervention Needs Teacher Responsibilities   II. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONAL APPROACHES.   4. Instructional Methods for Secondary Learners with Disabilities.             Learning Standards and the General Education Curriculum Direct Instruction    Direct-Instruction Curriculum Design    The Sequence of Direct-Instruction Activities    Identify Learner Characteristics    Establish Goals    Identify Objectives    Design Instruction    Implement Instruction   Evaluate Mastery of the Objectives   Determine Whether the Goals Have Been Achieved    Learning Strategies   Characteristics of a Learning Strategy   Teaching a Learning Strategy    Constructivism   Grading   5. Assessment for Placement and Instruction.   Norm-Referenced Testing Characteristics    Placement and Summative Evaluations    Statewide Assessment and Alternative/Accommodative Strategies  Curriculum-Based Assessment   Formative Evaluation    Diagnostic Evaluation   Selection of Curriculum-Based Instruments Developing Paper-and-Pencil Tests Step 1: Develop the Performance Objective Step 2: Enumerate Subskills   Step 3: Describe the Question-and-Answer Format    Step 4: Prepare Instructions for the Test   Step 5: Prepare Test Items    Step 6: Establish Scoring Procedures    Observation Procedures    Selection of Monitoring Procedures    Observation Methods    Interobserver Agreement    Graphing Observational Data   Interpreting Graphs    Mean    Level    Trend    Latency    Portfolio-Based Assessment    Portfolio Content    Evaluation of Entries      6. Managing the Learning Environment.   Antecedent Control    Physical Arrangement    Rules    Routine Classroom Procedures    Student Schedules    Time Management   Systematic Instruction    Functional, Age-Appropriate Activities and Materials    Rate of Success    Teacher-Student Interactions    Interaction with Nondisabled Peers    Modeling    Review of the Educational Program    Related Personal Characteristics    Academic Success    Social Skills    Emotional Learning    Consequence Control    Positive Reinforcers    Extinction     Punishment    Group Contingencies    Self-Management     Schoolwide Systems    Detention    In-School Suspension    Out-of-School Suspension and Expulsion    Functional Behavior Assessment      7. Collaboration and the Role of the Consultant Teacher. Maureen A. Schloss & Raquel J. Schmidt   The Consultant Teacher Principles of Successful Collaboration Advantages of Consulting Developing a Consultant Teacher Program    Characteristics of the Consultant Teacher    Gaining Acceptance    Responsibilities of Consultants Barriers to Successful Collaboration Resource Rooms Defining the Resource Room Advantages of Resource Room Placement  Staffing the Resource Room    Responsibilities of Teachers in Resource Rooms   III. INSTRUCTION IN BASIC AND FUNCTIONAL SKILLS.   8. Listening and Speaking. Daniel C. Tullos   Listening Speech   Language  Phonology/Articulation Morphology Semantics   Syntax Pragmatics Assessment of Listening Skills    Assessment of Speaking Skills    Form    Content/Semantics    Use/Pragmatics    Strategies to Improve Listening Skills    Following Directions    Remembering What Is Heard Taking Notes Organizing Material Effective Questioning Strategies to Improve Spoken-Language Skills Phonology/Articulation Morphology and Semantics Syntax Pragmatics Bidialectism Bilingualism   9. Written Language. Stephen Isaacson   A Writing Curriculum for Students with Learning Problems Assessing the Process Teaching the Process  Using Word Processors to Write Writing as a Successful Product  Fluency   Content   Conventions Syntax   Vocabulary Writing for Different Purposes  Answering Chapter Questions   Writing Reports Writing for Future Vocations   10. Reading Instruction. Debi Gartland   Reading Abilities of Adolescents with Disabilities Assessing Reading Ability Formal Reading Assessment Informal Reading Assessment The Informal Reading Inventory Oral Reading Error Analysis The Cloze Procedure Developmentally Based Reading Objectives Reading Objectives Based on Community Demands General Principles of Reading Instruction Classroom-Based Reading Instruction Vocabulary Instruction Fluency Instruction Comprehension Instruction Study Skills Instruction Textbook Instruction Reading Instruction in Simulation and Community Settings   11. Mathematics Instruction. David Majsterek, Rich Wilson & Eric D. Jones   Principles of Effective Secondary Math Instruction Process of Effective Transition-Oriented Math Instruction Step 1: Assessing Instructional Demands Step 2: Planning Specific Instruction   Step 3: Implementing Math Instruction Step 4: Measuring Program Success    12. Vocational Instruction.   Transiton Self-Determination Assessing Interests and Skills Vocational Aptitude Tests  Curriculum-Based Vocational Assessment Person-Centered Planning  Career Awareness Process Vocational Objectives Functional Curriculum                         Basic Skills                         Specific Goal Selection General Principles of Vocational Instruction   13. Leisure Education for Positive Leisure Life-Styles. Phyllis Jones, Diane Lea Ryndak, Barbara P. Sirvis & Debbie S. Alcouloumre   Concepts of Leisure and Leisure Education Leisure Opportunities Mechanisms for Developing Leisure Opportunities Identifying Appropriate Leisure Options Inventories Prioritizing Leisure Options from Inventories Cross-Curriculum Instructional Content Addressed through Leisure Education   14. Social Skill Instruction.   Definition of Social Skills    Establishing Objectives    Social Validation of Goals and Objectives Assessing Social Competence   Self-Reports  Self-Monitoring Reports and Ratings by Others   Direct Observation  Commercial Instruments General Principles of Social Skill Instruction Social Reinforcement Modeling Behavior Rehearsal Feedback   Homework Promoting Generalization and Maintenance Additional Instructional Considerations   15. Teaching in the Content Areas.   Science Education The Science Standards Approaches to Teaching Science Social Studies Education Social Studies Goals and Curriculum Approaches to Teaching Social Studies Content Enhancements Advanced Organizers  Graphic Organizers Study Guides Mnemonic Devices Guided Notes Audio Recordings Peer-Mediated Strategies   Author Index. Subject Index.