The Auditory System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Correlates

From well-known author, Frank Musiek, comes a new text designed to aid audiology students through the clinical portion of their experience.    The Auditory System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Correlates takes an easy-to-understand approach to anatomy and physiology of the auditory system.   Balanced coverage of peripheral and central auditory systems increase the readers’ appreciation of the entire auditory system.  Chapter 1 provides a quick reference and overview to the entire text.  Integrated clinical correlates for anatomical and physiological information provide clinical relevance.  Generous use of review articles and secondary sources enhances general understanding of the subject and a balanced mixture of anatomical sketches and photographs facilitates learning.

Table of Contents:
1. Overview of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System   Introduction to the Auditory System The Peripheral Auditory System             External and Middle Ear             The Cochlea             The Auditory Nerve The Central Auditory System             The Cochlear Nucleus             The Superior Olivary Complex The Lateral Lemniscus             Inferior Colliculus             The Medial Geniculate Body and Auditory Thalamus             Auditory Cortex and Subcortex             The Corpus Callosum Vascular Anatomy and Related Functions             Vascular Anatomy of the Peripheral System             Vascular Anatomy of the Central Auditory System The Efferent System             The Caudal and Rostral Systems Neurotransmission in the Auditory System Summary   2. The External Ear: Its Structure and Function   Introduction Anatomy             Pinna (Auricle) External Auditory Meatus (Ear Canal) Functions of the Outer Ear             Pinna ( Auricle)             External Auditory Meatus (Ear Canal)             Directional Effects             Combined Effects of the Head and Torso and Outer Ear on Pressure Gain Summary   3. Anatomy and Physiology of the Middle Ear   Introduction Anatomy             Middle Ear Space (Cavity)             Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)             Ossicular Chain             Support for the Ossicular Chain Eustachian Tube Middle Ear Muscles Middle Ear Space Combined Effects of the Outer Ear and Middle Ear on Sound Transmission Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum) Ossicular Chain Eustachian Tube The Middle Ear Transformer Bone-Conduction Mechanisms Summary   4. Functional Anatomy of the Cochlea   Introduction Overview of the Temporal Bone Osseous (Bony) Cochlea Membranous Cochlea and Related Structures             Scalae and Cochlear Fluids             Basilar and Reissner’s Membranes Organ of Corti             Tectorial Membrane             Reticular Lamina             Lateral Wall of Cochlear Duct             Hair Cells             Supporting Cells Summary   5. Cochlear Physiology I: Mostly Mechanics   Introduction The Traveling Wave Hair Cell Mechanics Summary   6. Cochlear Physiology II: Mostly Electrophysiology   Introduction Cochlear Organization             Fluid Compartments             Cochlear Duct and Organ of Corti             Sensory Hair Cells             Stria Vascularis: Ion Pumps and Potassium Recycling             Hair Cell Transduction             Channel Selectivity Gross Cochlear Potentials             Endocochlear Potential             Cochlear Microphonic Potential             Summating Potential             Compound Action Potential Hair Cell Receptor Potentials             Basal Turn IHC Receptor Potential             Basal Turn OHC Receptor Potential             Apical Turn IHCs and OHCs             Hair Cell Tuning             Hair Cell Input/Output Functions             Efferent Stimulation             OHC Function Electromotility             Electromotility Motor and Prestin Otocoustic Emissions             Types of Otocoustic Emissions             TEOAEs             DPOAEs SOAEs             EEOAEs             Prestin, DPOAEs, and Threshold   7. Structure and Function of the Auditory Nerve   Introduction Anatomy of the Auditory Nerve Physiology of the Auditory Nerve             Fundamental Considerations             Frequency Coding of Tones             Frequency Coding of Complex Sounds             Two-Tone Inhibition             The Effect of Intensity on Frequency Coding             Intensity Coding             Firing Pattern and Adaptation             Evoked Potentials and the Auditory Nerve             Latency-Intensity Functions             Conduction Velocity of the Auditory Nerve             Neurotransmitters Summary   8. The First Central Auditory Structure: The Cochlear Nucleus   Introduction Anatomy of the Cochlear Nucleus             General Aspects             Inputs to the Cochlear Nucleus             Cell Types Physiology of the Cochlear Nucleus             Acoustic Responses of the Cell Types             Frequency Representation             Intensity Coding             Temporal Functions             Speech Signals             Binaural Processes             Evoked Potentials             Output of the Cochlear Nucleus             Neurotransmitters at the Cochlear Nucleus             The Acoustic Startle Reflex and the Cochlear Nucleus Summary   9. Superior Olivary Complex Introduction Anatomy of the Superior Olivary Complex             General Aspects             Neural Inputs to the Superior Olivary Complex             Related Anatomy             Cell Types             Tonotopic Organization             Projections from the Superior Olivary Complex Physiology of the Superior Olivary Complex             Interaural Interaction, Localization, and Lateralization             The ABR and the Superior Olivary Complex             Binaural Interaction Components of the ABR: Relationships to the SOC             Tuning Curves and Cell Response Types in the Superior Olivary Complex             Intensity Coding at the Superior Olivary Complex             Interaural Timing and the Superior Olivary Complex             Neurotransmitters in the Superior Olivary Complex The Acoustic Reflex             Anatomy of the Acoustic Reflex Arc             Physiology of the Acoustic Reflex             Laterality of the Acoustic Reflex             Intensity and the Acoustic Reflex             Latency of the Acoustic Reflex Summary   10. The Lateral Lemniscus and Inferior Colliculus Introduction Anatomy of the Lateral Lemniscus             Cell Types Physiology of the Lateral Lemniscus             Cell Discharge Patterns             Tonotopic Organization             Temporal and Binaural Aspects             Neurotransmitters             Role of the Lateral Lemniscus in the ABR Anatomy of the Inferior Colliculus             Afferent Inputs             Output of the Inferior Colliculus             Cell Types Physiology of the Inferior Colliculus             Tonotopicity and Frequency Characteristics             Intensity Coding             Temporal Processes and Amplitude Modulation             Binaural Activity and Sound Localization             Neurotransmitters of the Inferior Colliculus Summary   11. The Medial Geniculate Body and Auditory Thalamus   Introduction Anatomy of the Medial Geniculate and the Auditory Thalamus             Neural Inputs             Neural Outputs             Cell Types Physiology of the Medial Geniculate Body and Auditory Thalamus             Frequency Information             Intensity Aspects             Temporal Responses             Bianural Coding             Comparison of Selected Physiologic Properties of the Main Divisions of the MGB             Pathological Aspects             Neurotransmitters Summary   12. The Auditory Cortex and Subcortex   Introduction Anatomy of the Auditory Cortex and Subcortex             Inputs to the Auditory Cortex and Subcortex             Auditory Cortex Location             The “Belt-Core” Concept             Intrahemispheric Connections of the Primary Auditory Cortex             Insula             Supramarginal Gyrus and Angular Gyrus Physiology of the Auditory Cortex and Subcortex             Frequency Coding             Insula Tonotopicity             Tuning Curves             Intensity Coding and the Auditory Cortex             Modulated Signals (FM and AM)             Temporal Aspects of the Auditory Cortex             Speech and Complex Stimuli             Auditory Cortex and Hearing in Noise             Binaural Interactions and the Auditory Cortex             Evoked Potentials             Ablation Studies of the Auditory Cortex             Functional Imaging and the Auditory Cortex             Neurotransmitters of the Auditory Cortex Summary   13. The Corpus Callosum and Auditory Interhemispheric Function   Introduction Anatomy of the Corpus Callosum and Interhemispheric Neuronal Pathways             Maturation, Age, and Gender Effects on Corpus Callosum Anatomy Physiology of the Corpus Callosum and Interhemispheric Neuronal Pathways Neuronal Pathways             Maturation and Age Effects on Callosal Transfer Time             Human Psychophysics and Function of the Corpus Callosum             Anterior Commissure             Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum Summary   14. Vascular Anatomy of the Auditory System   Introduction Vascular Anatomy of the Auditory Periphery             The Outer Ear and the Middle Ear             The Cochlea and the Auditory Nerve Vascular Anatomy of the Central Auditory System Summary   15. The Efferent System   Introduction Overview of the Efferent System The Rostral Efferent System             Anatomy of the Rostral Efferent System             Physiology of the Rostral Efferent System The Caudal Efferent System             Anatomy of the Caudal Efferent System             Physiology of the Caudal Efferent System Summary   Glossary References