Writing, Reading, and Research

Flexible and goal-oriented, this text integrates instruction in reading, writing, and research with topical, interdisciplinary readings and concludes with a research handbook. Writing, Reading, and Research thoroughly covers analytical reading,paraphrasing, summarizing, and synthesizing - skills essential for developing a research paper. Each stage of the process is illustrated with examples of student and professional writing. *All new end-of-chapter readings by professional writers such as William Raspberry, Debra Goldman, and Pulitzer Prize-winner Ron Suskind include pieces on topics as diverse as beauty pageants, classroom cheating, homeless men, and the ubiquity of advertising in modern life. *Four new student papers include three new research papers: a standard research paper on social promotion in public schools, a more personal and informal I-search paper on credit cards, and an argumentative research paper. *The revised Chapter 14, Argument, includes new advertisements for analysis, new professional selections on the changing bankruptcy laws and violence in the workplace, Katha Pollitt's essay Polymaritally Perverse, and a new annotated student argumentative research paper on school uniforms. *A thoroughly revised Chapter 9, Tools for Finding Sources, provides a comprehensive, up-to-the-minute introduction to computer-related resources, including ways to find sources electronically, to access electronic sources, and to evaluate and document online sources. *The sample student research papers in Chapters 8 and 14 demonstrate citations for both electronic and print sources. *Citation information reflects guidelines in the latest 1999 5th edition of The MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. *Chapters A and B of Part II, The Research Paper Reference Handbook, incorporate up-to-the-minute guidelines to citing various electronic sources. *A guided, sequential approach to reading, writing, and research teaches students essential academic skills they can use across the curriculum and in a variety of research situations. *This ' three-in-one' composition text/research guide/interdisciplinary reader is equally effective as a classroom teaching text and as a reference handbook for student researchers. *Examples of student writing stages include both the traditional research paper and the 'I-search' paper, which takes a personal approach to research and writing. *Throughout the text, reading strategies are explained and modeled, demonstrating how meaning can be found through reading journals or collaborative, group activities.

Table of Contents:
* Denotes selections new to this edition. All chapters conclude with “Freewriting,” “Group Work,” “Review Questions,” “Discussion Questions,” and “Writing.” I.WRITING, READING, AND RESEARCH. 1.Introduction to Writing, Reading, and Research. Writing. Writing Habits and Strategies. Audience and Purpose. Prewriting. The First Draft. Peer Review. Rewriting. Editing and Proofreading. Discovering Your Own Writing Rules. Reading. Interpreting Reading. Responding to Reading. Reading Response Groups. Free Writing. Research. Reading Selection: Lavonne Adams, The Holly Pageant. About the Rest of This Book. 2.Strategies for Reading. Interpretation. Context. Strategies for Understanding. Prereading Strategies. Sources of Information. Textual Clues. Transitions. Reading with a Pencil. Annotating and Underlining for Recall. Annotating to Stimulate Response. Keeping a Reading Journal. Reading Selection: Nicholas Lemann, Buffaloed: Was the Native American Always Nature's Friend? 3.Writing a Paraphrase. Paraphrase as a Reading Strategy. Using Paraphrase in Writing. Paraphrasing for a Different Audience. Paraphrasing an Argument. Paraphrasing in Research Papers. Reading Selection: Brian Feagans, On the Fringe. 4.Reading for the Main Idea. General and Specific Statements. Deductive and Inductive Organization. Thesis Statements and Topic Sentences. Identifying Topic Sentences. Restating the Main Idea. Paragraphs with Implied Main Ideas. Discovering Implications. A Further Comment on Paragraphs. Reading Selection: Fred Fedler, An Enduring Hoax. 5.Writing a Summary. Summary and Paraphrase. Writing Summaries. A Process for Summarizing Longer Passages. Uses of Summary. Summarizing an Argument. Summarizing in Research Papers. Reading Selection: Ron Suskind, Class Struggle. 6.Synthesizing Sources: Writing a Summary Report. Writing a Brief Summary Report. Writing an Objective Report on Sources. Acknowledging Sources — The Obligation of Scholarship. The List of Works Cited. Parenthetical Notes. Reading Selection: Froma Harrop, Wipe Off That Milk Mustache. Reading Selection: Michael J. Sandel, Ad Nauseum. Reading Selection: Debra Goldman, School Daze. 7.Analytical Reading and Writing. Analyzing the Parts. Purpose. Audience. Main Idea. Development. Organization and Coherence. Writing a Brief Reading Analysis. Reading Selection: William Raspberry, Classroom Cheating: A Serious Problem. 8.Beginning a Research Project. The Research Paper. Primary and Secondary Research. Benefits of Doing Research. Learning an Essential Skill. Contributing to Scholarship. Gaining Personal Knowledge. The Research Process. A Research Assignment. The Finished Product. A Sample Standard Research Paper. A Sample Personal Research Paper. Your Research Schedule: Planning in Advance. The Benefits of Word Processing. A Research Notebook. Your Research Topic. Generating Ideas. Brainstorming. Developing an Idea: Clustering. 9.Tools for Finding Sources. Beginning Your Research. Your Campus Library. Electronic Resources. Networks. Using Your Library's Research Tools. Finding Books and Other Library Holdings. Encyclopedias and Other General Reference Works. Finding Articles: Magazines, Journals, and Newspapers. Locating Periodicals. Microfilms. Library Vandalism — A Crime against Scholarship. Using Electronic Databases. A Sample Search for Periodical Sources. Finding Government Documents. Internet Resources. Web Search Engines. The Reference Librarian — The Most Resourceful Resource. 10.Finding Sources Outside the Library: Conducting Interviews and Writing Letters. Interviewing Sources. Arranging the Interview. Conducting the Interview. Writing for Information. Still Other Sources. 11.Putting Your Sources to Work. A Research Prospectus. The Working Bibliography. Using Your Written Sources. Reading Your Sources. Evaluating Your Sources. Narrowing Your Paper's Focus. Formulating and Refining a Plan. Taking Notes on Note Cards. Avoiding Plagiarism. 12.Reporting on Sources: Paraphrase and Quotation. The Conventions of Reporting. Options for Presenting Sources. Acknowledging Sources. Relying on Experts. Paraphrasing Sources. Quoting Sources. Punctuating Quotations. Altering Questions. When to Quote and When to Paraphrase. A Further Note on Plagiarism. Practice with Using Sources. Writing a Brief Objective Research Essay. Writing a Brief Subjective Research Essay. 13.Writing and Revising the Research Paper. Getting Organized. Formulating a Thesis Statement. Sorting Your Note Cards. Updating Your Outline. Writing the First Good Draft. Research Writing: General Guidelines. Some Practical Writing Tips. Getting Started. Writing the Opening. Writing the Conclusion. Giving Your Paper a Title. Editing and Revising. Reworking Your Paper. Checklist for Editing and Revising. Getting Advice from Other Readers. Typing and Proofreading Your Polished Draft. 14.Argument: Reading, Writing, and Research. Emotional Appeal. Logical Argument. Balanced, Credible Argument. Informal Analysis of Arguments. Writing a Critique of an Argument. Procedure for Writing a Critique. Writing an Argumentative Research Essay. Purpose. Thesis. Audience. Persona. Evidence. Opposition. Organization. A Sample Argumentative Research Paper. II.RESEARCH PAPER REFERENCE HANDBOOK. A.List of Works Cited (MLA Format). Bibliographic Formats. General Guidelines — MLA Format. Citing Electronic Sources. Model Entries — MLA Format. Sources in Books. Sources in Periodicals and Newspapers. Other Sources. B.Parenthetical Notes (MLA Format). Types of Notes. Parenthetical Notes. Some Special Cases. When Are Notes Needed? How Many Notes Are Enough? How Much Material Can One Note “Cover?” Information Footnotes. C.Research Paper Format (MLA Style). Format for Your Polished Draft. Format for Computer-Printed or Typed Papers. Format for Handwritten Papers. A Formal Outline. Standard Numbering System. Decimal System. Topic and Sentence Outlines. D.Footnotes and Endnotes. Sample Footnotes and Endnotes. Sources in Books. Sources in Periodicals and Newspapers. Other Sources. E.APA Format. Formats Other Than MLA. APA Style. APA Bibliographic Citations (Reference List). Model Entries. Notes in APA Style. Sample Pages in APA Style. F.Format Featuring Numbered References. Index.