Instructional Planning: A Guide for Teachers

Students in teacher education programs are regularly required to plan lessons and instructional units, but often receive little instruction on how to do so. This book (initially published under the title Planning Effective Instruction) is designed to teach students how to plan instruction and develop effective lesson plans. In particular, the book focuses on how to identify instructional goals and objectives, plan instructional activities, choose instructional media, develop assessment tools, and evaluate and revise instructional plans. Most students appreciate the systematic way in which the authors present the material and quickly see that the principles espoused in the book were employed in its creation. Thus, most students become enthusiastic about employing systematic planning practices in their own teaching.

Table of Contents:
Preface. 1. Introduction. A Systematic Approach to Instructional Planning: An Introduction. Effective Instruction: The End Result of Systematic Planning. Key Principles Underlying Systematic Instructional Planning. Does This Process Limit the Way You Go about Teaching? Are You Really Likely to Use This Planning Process? 2. Identifying Instructional Goals. Characteristics of Instructional Goal Statements. How Instructional Goals Are Established. Uses of Instructional Goals. Sources to Help You Identify Instructional Goals. Student Characteristics and Instructional Goals. 3. Identifying Objectives. Components of Objectives. Sample oOjectives. Domains of Learning. Deriving Objectives from Goals. Limiting the Number of Objectives. Uses of Objectives. Short Forms of Objectives. Student Characteristics and Objectives. Prerequisite Skills. Identifying Students' Prerequisite Skills. 4. Planning Instructional Activities. Motivating Students. Informing Students of Objectives. Helping Students Recall Prerequisites. Presenting Information and Examples. Providing Practice and Feedback. Summarizing the Lesson. Instructional Activities and the Domains of Learning. Sequencing Instructional Activities. Other Types of Instructional Activities. Instructional Activities for Different Types of Students. Strategies for Planning Instructional Activities. Describing Your Activities in Writing: The Lesson Plan. Examples of Lesson Plans. 5. Choosing Instructional Media. Practicality of Media. Student Characteristics. Media and Instructional Activities. Choosing Media. Computers in Instruction. 6. Developing Assessment Tools. Who Develops Assessment Tools? Matching Assessment Items to Objectives. Assessment Tools for the Various Domains of Learning. Guidelines for Developing Assessment Tools. Pencil and Paper Assessment Tools. Alternative Assessment Tools. How Is an Assessment Tool Developed? 7. Implementing Instruction. Mastery Learning: One Approach to Implementation. Planning for Mastery Learning. Results of Using Mastery Learning. Alternative Teaching Approaches. 8. Revising Instruction. Data that Should be Gathered. Steps in Analyzing Data. Revising Your Instructional Plans. Revising Instruction: An Example. 9. Summary and Concluding Thoughts. Key Principles underlying the Systematic Planning Process. The Adaptability of the Process. Glossary. Bibliography.