MyLab Thinking with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Critical Thinking

ALERT: Before you purchase, check with your instructor or review your course syllabus to ensure that you select the correct ISBN. Several versions of Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products exist for each title, including customized versions for individual schools, and registrations are not transferable. In addition, you may need a CourseID, provided by your instructor, to register for and use Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products.   Packages Access codes for Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products may not be included when purchasing or renting from companies other than Pearson; check with the seller before completing your purchase.   Used or rental books If you rent or purchase a used book with an access code, the access code may have been redeemed previously and you may have to purchase a new access code.   Access codes Access codes that are purchased from sellers other than Pearson carry a higher risk of being either the wrong ISBN or a previously redeemed code. Check with the seller prior to purchase.   -- This 12 month access code care gives you access to all of MyThinkingLab’s tools and resources, including a complete eText of your book.  You can also buy immediate access to MyThinkingLab with Pearson eText online with a credit card at www.mythinkinglab.com   For undergraduate courses in Critical Thinking, Informal Logic, and Critical Writing, as well as introductory or advanced argumentation courses.   Organized around lively and authentic examples drawn from jury trials, contemporary political and social debate, and advertising, this introduction shows students how to detect fallacies and how to examine, and construct cogent arguments. Accessible and reader friendly—yet thorough and rigorous—it shows how to integrate all logic skills into the critical decision-making process.

Table of Contents:
Table of Contents Preface      Acknowledgments        1 Introduction Critical Thinking in Everyday Life       Play Fair     Seating a Jury     Jury Research: Eliminating or Selecting Bias?   Impartial Critical Thinking  Adversarial Critical Thinking Cooperative Critical Thinking Exercises Additional Reading Online Resources 2  A Few Important Terms Arguments      Statements       Exercise 2-1 Premises and Conclusions      Exercise 2-2 Deductive and Inductive Arguments       Exercise 2-3 Deduction, Validity, and Soundness    Induction, Strong Arguments, and Cogent Arguments   Exercises 2-4, 2-5 Review Questions Online Resources   3 Ad Hominem Arguments The Ad Hominem Fallacy       Nonfallacious Ad Hominem Arguments      Ad Hominem and Testimony   Distinguishing Argument from Testimony       Exercise 3-1 Tricky Types of Ad Hominem      Bias Ad Hominem   Inconsistency and Ad Hominem  Psychological Ad Hominem   Inverse Ad Hominem       Attacking Arguments Exercises 3-2 Review Questions Additional Reading Internet Resources       4  The Second Deadly Fallacy:  The Strawman Fallacy Strawman       The Principle of Charity   The Strawman Fallacy   Special Strawman Varieties  Limits on Critical Thinking Exercises 4-1 and 4-2 Additional Reading   5 What’s the Question?     Determine the Conclusion       What Is the Exact Conclusion?       Exercises 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-4 Review Question   6 Relevant and Irrelevant Reasons       Premises Are Relevant or Irrelevant Relative to the Conclusion     Irrelevant Reason Fallacy      The Red Herring Fallacy   Exercises 6-1 and 6-2 Review Questions Additional Reading      7  Analyzing Arguments Argument Structure       Convergent Arguments  Linked Arguments   Subarguments       Exercises 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 Assumptions: Their Use and Abuse       Legitimate Assumptions   Enthymemes Illegitimate Assumptions Exercise 7-4 Review Questions Additional Reading   8 The Burden of Proof       Who Bears the Burden of Proof?       Appeal to Ignorance      The Burden of Proof in the Courtroom       Presumption of Innocence   When the Defendant Does Not Testify   Juries and the Burden of Proof   Unappealing Ignorance       Exercises 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5, 8-6, 8-7 Review Questions Additional Reading   9  Language and its Pitfalls Defintions       Stipulative Definitions Controversial Definitions Deceptive Language The Fallacy of Ambiguity Amphiboly Exercises 9-1, 9-2, and 9-3 Additional Reading Internet Resources   10  Appeal to Authority         Authorities as Testifiers      Conditions for Legitimate Appeal to Authority       Popularity and Tradition      Exercise 10-1 Review Questions Additional Reading Cumulative Exercises One           (Chapters 1 through 10)   11 Arguments by Analogy   Figurative Analogy    Deductive Argument by Analogy       Exercise 11-1 The Fallacy of Faulty Analogy   Exercises 11-2 and 11-3 Analyzing a Deductive Argument by Analogy   Deductive Arguments by Analogy and Cooperative Critical Thinking The Fallacy of Analogical Literalism   Caution! Watch for Analogies That Look Like Slippery Slopes!  Inductive Arguments by Analogy       Exercises 11-4, 11-5, 11-7, 11-7, 11-8, 11-9, and 11-10 Review Questions   12 Some Distinctive Arguments and Potential Pitfalls: Slippery Slope, Dilemma, and Golden Mean Arguments         Slippery Slope     Separating Slippery Slopes from Strawmen The Slippery Slope Fallacy   Genuine Slippery Slopes   Exercises 12-1and 12-2 Dilemmas, False and True       Genuine Dilemmas  False Dilemmas   Dilemmas in Conditional Form False Dilemma Combined with Strawman   Consider the Possibilities   Exercise 12-3 Golden Mean       The Golden Mean Fallacy   Constructing Golden Mean Fallacies   Exercise 12-4 Review Questsions Additional Reading Additional Reading Internet Resources    13 Begging the Question      The Problem with Question-Begging Arguments       A New and Confusing Use of “Begs the Question” Subtle Forms of Question Begging       Synonymous Begging the Question   Generalization Begging the Question   Circular Begging the Question   False Charges of Begging the Question Self-Sealing Arguments Complex Questions Exercises 13-1 and 13-2 Review Questions Additional Reading Cumulative Exercises Two           (Chapters 1 through 13)   14 Necessary and Sufficient Conditions Necessary Conditions       Distinguishing Necessary from Sufficient Conditions  Sufficient Conditions       Necessary and Sufficient Conditions in Ordinary Language  Ex Exercises 14-1, 14-2, and 14-3 Conditional Statements       Alternative Ways of Stating Necessary and Sufficient Conditions       Both Necessary and Sufficient  Exe Exercises 14-4 and 14-5 Valid Inferences from Necessary and Sufficient Conditions       Modus Ponens   Modus Tollens   Fallacies Based on Confusion between Necessary and Sufficient Conditions    The Fallacy of Denying the Antecedent The Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent   Detecting Argument Forms       Exercises 14-6, 14-7, and 14-8 Review Questions   15 Scientific and Causal Reasoning       Distinguishing Causation from Correlation   Exercise 15-1 The Questionable Cause Fallacy   Exercise 15-2    The Method of Science       Randomized Studies and Prospective Studies   Making Predictions   When Predictions Go Wrong   Faulty “Scientific” Claims   Occam’s Razor Confirmation Bias Scientific Integrity, Scientific Cooperation, and Research Manipulation Exercise 15-3 Review Questions Additional Reading Internet Resources   16 The Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing but the Truth        Eyewitness Testimony    Potential Sources of Eyewitness Error   Judging the Honesty of a Witness   Exercise 16-1 The Whole Truth       Are the Premises True?     Digging for Truth   Consider the Source   Exercise 16-2 Review Questions Additional Reading Online Resources   Cumulative Exercises Three        Chapters 1 through 16)   17 Thinking Critically about Statistics   All Children Are Above Average      Empty Statistics     Finding the Appropriate Context      Caught Off Base       Statistical Apples and Oranges     Statistical Half-Truths      Sample Size and “Statistical Significance” How to Make Your Study Yield the Results You Want Exercises 17-1 Surveys Exercise 17-2 Additional Reading Online Resources   18 Symbolic Sentential Logic        Truth-Functional Definitions       Negation   Disjunction   Conjunction   Conditional   Material Implication   Exercise 18-1 Testing for Validity and Invalidity    Exercise 18-2   Punctuation     Exercise 18-3 The Truth-Table Method of Testing for Validity   ExExercise 18-4    The Short-Cut Method for Determining Validity or Invalidity   Exercises 18-5, 18-6, and 18-7 Review Questions 19 Arguments about Classes         Types of Categorical Propositions       Exercise 19-1 Relations among Categorical Propositions    Venn Diagrams       Diagramming Statements  Diagramming Arguments   Exercise 19-2 Translating Ordinary-Language Statements into Standard-Form  Categorical Propositions       Exercise 19-3 Reducing the Number of Terms   Exercises 19-4 and 19-5 Review Questions Consider Your Verdict Comprehensive Critical Thinking in the Jury Room Case One:  Commonwealth v. Moyer Judge Carroll’s Summation and Charge to the Jury   Case Two:  State v. Ransom Judge Schwebel’s Summation and Charge to the Jury  Key Terms      Answers to Selected Exercises     Index