Alternative Toxicological Methods

Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientist

Table of Contents:
Part I - Progress in the Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Alternatives Overview, Neil Wilcox Historical Developments in the Humane Care and Use of Research Animals: The First 4000 Years, Harry Salem and Sidney Katz Historical Development from the Interagency Regulatory Alternatives Group to Interagency Coordinating Committee for the Validation of Alternative Methods, Sidney Green The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM): Recent Progress in the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicity Testing Methods, William S. Stokes Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Alternative Test Methods: Current Situation in the European Union, Julia Fentem and Michael Balls Integrating In Vitro Approaches for Assessing Systemic Toxicity, Anna Forsby and Bas Blaauboer Summary of the OECD Guidance Document on the Recognition, Assessment and Use of Clinical Signs as Humane Endpoints for Experimental Animals Used in Safety Evaluation, Errol Zeiger Pain and Distress Management in Animal Research and Testing: The HSUS Pain and Distress Initiative, Martin L. Stephens, F. Dolins, A. N. Rowan, L. Donley, and A. Gleason Part II - Development and Predictive Methods Based on Mechanisms of Eye Irritation at the Ocular Surface Overview, Sherry Ward and Wiley Chambers Meeting Industry and Regulatory Needs for Alternative Tests to the Draize Rabbit Eye Irritation Test, Sherry L. Ward The Ocular Surface: Barrier Function and Mechanisms of Injury and Repair, Martin Reim Evaluation and Refinement of the Bovine Cornea Opacity and Permeability Assay, John Ubels, James Paauw, and Phillip Casterton The Use of Corneal Organ Culture as an Ex Vivo Model for Ocular Toxicity Test of Commercial Hair Care Products, Fu-Shin Yu and Ke-Ping Xu Human Corneal Equivalents for In Vitro Testing, May Griffith and Erik Suuronen The EpiOcular Prediction Model: A Reproducible In Vitro Means of Assessing Ocular Irritancy, M. Klausner, P. Hayden, B. Breyfogle, K. Bellevance, M. Osborn, D. Cerven, G. DeGeorge, and J. Kubilus Three-Dimensional Construct of the Human Corneal Epithelium for In Vitro Toxicology, Doan Nguyen, Roger Beuerman, Bart DeWever, and Martin Rosdy Performance of the HCE-T TEP Human Corneal Epithelial Transepithelial Fluorescein Permeability Assay, Sherry L. Ward, Maximo Gacula Jr., and Henry F. Edelhauser Part III - Dermal Testing Alternatives Overview, Harry Salem and Sidney Katz Alternative Methods for Dermal Toxicity Testing, Robert L. Bronaugh Allergic Contact Hypersensitivity: Mechanisms and Methods, Denise Sailstad Validating In Vitro Dermal Absorption Studies: An Introductory Case Study, Robert Zendzian and Michael Dellarco A Molecular Diagnostic Approach to Irritant or Allergic Patch Testing Using DermPatch, Melissa Fitzgerald, Vera Morhenn, Stacy Humphrey, Nirmala Jayakumar, and Lawrence Rheins In Vitro Skin Equivalent Models for Toxicity Testing, P. Hayden, S. Ayehunie, G.R. Jackson, S. Kupfer, T.J. Last, M. Klausner, and J. Kubilus Part IV - A Case Study in the Use of Alternatives to Determine the Mechanism of Sulfur Mustard Action Overview: Integration of Sulfur Mustard Data Derived from Alternative Toxicology Methods to Define Mechanisms of Action, William Smith Cellular Resistance of Tetrahymena to Sulfur Mustard, Peter Platteborze and William Smith Biochemical Changes Induced in Human Cells by the Vesicating Agent Sulfur Mustard, William Smith, Offie Clark, Fred Cowan, Maura Dejoseph, Charisse Davenport, and Clark Gross Human Keratinocyte Inflammatory Transcript Gene Activity Following Sulfur Mustard, John Schlager, Kashif Ali, Hilma Benjamin, Claire Levine, Douglas Avery, and James Clark Evaluation of Cytotoxicity Assay of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Exposed In Vitro to Sulfur Mustard, Susan Kelly, Juanita Guzman, Clark Gross, and William Smith Comparison of Spectrophotometric and Fluorometric Assays of Proteolysis in Cultured Human Cells Exposed to Sulfur Mustard, Susan Kelly, Charlene Corun, Marian Nelson, Clark Gross, and William Smith Effects of Low Dose Sulfur Mustard on Growth and DNA Damage in Human Cells in Culture, William Smith, Bethany Toliver, Offie Clark, Janet Moser, Eric Nealley, Juanita Guzman, and Clark Gross Imaging Sulfur Mustard Lesions in Basal Cells and Human Epidermal Tissues by Confocal and Multi-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy, Robert Werrlein and Janna Madren-Whalley Suppression of Sulfur Mustard-Increased IL-8 in Human Keratinocyte Cultures by Serine Protease Inhibitors: Implications for Toxicity and Medical Countermeasures, Fred Cowan, Clarence Broomfield, and William Smith Development of Medical Countermeasures to Sulfur Mustard Vesication, William Smith, Michael Babin, Robyn Kiser, and Robert Casillas Part V - Molecular Biomarkers, and Transgenics for Assessing Neurotoxicity Overview, William Slikker and Thomas Sobotka Molecular Neurotoxicology of 6-Hydroxydopamine and Methamphetamine: Lessons Perused from Transgenic Models, Jean Lud Cadet A Microassay Method Using a Neuroblastoma Cell Line to Examine Neurotoxicity of Organophosphate Mixtures, Laurie Roszell, B. C. Kramer, and Glen Leach Development of a Model of Integrin Expression as a Molecular Biomarker for Early Sensitive Detection of Neurotoxicity, Joyce Royland Two-photon Fluorescence Microscopy: A Review of Recent Advances in Deep-Tissue Imaging, Chen-Yuan Dong, Lily Hsu, Ki-Hean Kim, Christof Buehle, Peter D. Kaplan, Thomas D. Hancewicz, and Peter T. C. So Part VI - Role of Transgenics and Toxicogenomics in the Development of Alternative Toxicity Tests Overview, Jerry Heindel The Application of Genomics and Proteomics to Toxicological Sciences, Stephen Chevalier, William Pennie, and Ian Kimber Use of Transgenics in Carcinogenicity Testing, Frank Sistare Changes in Gene Expression after Exposure to Organophosphorus (OP) Agents, Jennifer Sekowski, K. P. O'Connell, A. S. Khan, J. J. Valdes, M. Vahey, M. Nau, M. Khalil, M.S. Eldefrawi, and Walter Reed Part VII - Recent Innovations in Alternatives Overview, Harry Salem and Sidney Katz Archival Data in Toxicology: Minimizing Need for Animal Experiments, Millard Mershon Archival Data and Information Management at the Library of Congress: An Overview with Special Reference to Biomedicine and Toxicology, Roman Worobec World Wide Web Biomedical, Chemical and Toxicological Information Resources from the National Library of Medicine, George Fonger, James Knoben, Stephanie Publicker, Philip Wexler, and Georgette Whiting In Silico Approaches for Developing Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Models, Martin Beliveau and Kannan Krishnan In Silico Application of Quantum Chemical Methods for Relating Toxicity to Chemical Reactivity, William White In Silico Cardiac Toxicity: Increasing the Discovery of Therapeutics through High Performance Computing, C. K. Zoltani and S. I. Baskin Submillimeter Wave Frequency Studies of the Vibrational Modes of Deoxyribonucleic Acid: A Metric for Mutagenicity, T. R. Globus, B. L. Gelmont, M. Bykhovskaia, J. Hesler, D. L. Woodard, A. C. Samuels, J. O. Jensen, H. Salem, and W. R. Loerop Trophoblast Toxicity Assay (TTA): A Gestational Toxicity Test Utilizing Human Placenta Tropoblasts, Harvey Kliman

Review :
"This is a futuristic glance into what is and what could be....Toxicologists, pharmacologists, experimental biologists, various systems specialists, and regulatory personnel and officers will find the procedures discussed of intriguing value for the toxicological testing of new drugs, chemical formulations, and personal care products and cosmetics." - in Veterinary and Human Toxicology Promo Copy