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Home > Mathematics and Science Textbooks > Science: general issues > Popular science > Radioactivity: A History of a Mysterious Science
Radioactivity: A History of a Mysterious Science

Radioactivity: A History of a Mysterious Science


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About the Book

This is the story of a new science. Beginning with an obscure discovery in 1896, radioactivity led researchers on a quest for understanding that ultimately confronted the intersection of knowledge and mystery. Mysterious from the start, radioactivity attracted researchers who struggled to understand it. What caused certain atoms to give off invisible, penetrating rays? Where did the energy come from? These questions became increasingly pressing when researchers realized the process seemed to continue indefinitely, producing huge quantities of energy. Investigators found cases where radioactivity did change, forcing them to the startling conclusion that radioactive bodies were transmuting into other substances. Chemical elements were not immutable after all. Radioactivity produced traces of matter so minuscule and evanescent that researchers had to devise new techniques and instruments to investigate them. Scientists in many countries, but especially in laboratories in Paris, Manchester, and Vienna unraveled the details of radioactive transformations. They created a new science with specialized techniques, instruments, journals, and international conferences. Women entered the field in unprecedented numbers. Experiments led to revolutionary ideas about the atom and speculations about atomic energy. The excitement spilled over to the public, who expected marvels and miracles from radium, a scarce element discovered solely by its radioactivity. The new phenomenon enkindled the imagination and awakened ancient themes of literature and myth. Entrepreneurs created new industries, and physicians devised novel treatments for cancer. Radioactivity gave archaeologists methods for dating artifacts and meteorologists a new explanation for the air's conductivity. Their explorations revealed a mysterious radiation from space. Radioactivity profoundly changed science, politics, and culture. The field produced numerous Nobel Prize winners, yet radioactivity's talented researchers could not solve the mysteries underlying the new phenomenon. That was left to a new generation and a new way of thinking about reality. Radioactivity presents this fascinating history in a way that is both accessible and appealing to the general reader. Not merely a historical account, the book examines philosophical issues connected with radioactivity, and relates its topics to broader issues regarding the nature of science.

Table of Contents:
PrefaceList of IllustrationsIntroductionI. A NEW SCIENCEChapter 1. The BeginningsThe SettingRays and RadiationBecquerel's DiscoveryChapter 2. The CuriesMaria Sk_odowska A Consequential MeetingNew Elements!Chapter 3. Rutherford, Soddy, Particles, and Alchemy?Rutherford and the RaysWhere did the Energy come from?Material Rays? Discovery of the Beta ParticleThorium's RaysVanishing RadioactivityTransmutation!A Missed DiscoveryReactionsAtomic Energy?TragedyMore RaysThe Alpha ParticleChapter 4. The Radioactive EarthThe ProspectorsHow Old is the Earth?A New Property of Matter?Chapter 5. SpeculationsEarly TheoriesRadioactivity and ProbabilityKinetic Models of the AtomChapter 6. Radioactivity and ChemistryThe Rise of RadiochemistryRadioactive GenealogyChemistry of the ImponderableInseparable RadioelementsIsotopesDisplacement LawsThe End of the LinesMore IsotopesChapter 7. Inside the AtomBuilding BlocksBombarding AtomsThe Nucleus and the Periodic TableThe Gamma RaysTheories of the NucleusChapter 8. SequelWar!Radioactivity during World War IFrom Radioactivity to Nuclear and Particle PhysicsII. MEASURING AND USING RADIOACTIVITYChapter 9. Methods and InstrumentsCrucial ChoicesStandardizing the MeasuresInnovationsSize, Money, and MachinesChapter 10. Radioactivity, Medicine, and LifeUnpleasant SurprisesFrom Burns to TherapyRays and other OrganismsMiracle Cure?Radioactive SpasDangers in the LaboratoryChapter 11. New IndustriesEarly IndustrySoaring Demand and New InstitutionsPaint that Glowed in the DarkA New PoisonFission, Bombs, and the Uranium RushRadioactivity and the Oil IndustryIII. BEYOND THE STORYChapter 12. Radioactivity's Prime MoversTechnology, Resources, and Professional ChangesIndividualsResearch GroupsScientific Ideals and CultureMentors and ModelsAge, Attitudes, and AmbitionNationalismChapter 13. Radioactivity and Timeless Questions: the Quest for UnderstandingModels and Theories for RadioactivityPatterns in Radioactivity's DevelopmentIdeas about ChangeIdeas about Matter and EnergyIdeas about Continuity and DiscontinuityEternal ConundrumsChapter 14. The Imaginative Appeal of a DiscoveryMythological and Romantic Dimensions of RadioactivityAn Ongoing Task Appendices1. Glossary of Rays and Radiations2. Family Trees for Radioactive Elements3. Radioactivity's Elusive Cause4. Nobel Prize Winners Included in this Book5. Radioactivity's Web of Influence6. Timeline NotesSelected BibliographyIndex 

About the Author :
Marjorie C. Malley was involved with science and mathematics education for many years, including teaching, curriculum development, and consulting. Her publications include articles on radioactivity, luminescence, the nature and history of science, and biographical subjects. Dr. Malley was a member of the review panel for the National History Standards and is a past chair of the Education Committee of the History of Science Society.

Review :
"Malley does a wonderful job of demonstrating how scientific discovery functions, as opposed to the usual approach in which facts and figures are given as tidbits along a chronology. Strongly recommended for history of science collections, high school science students, and anyone curious about radioactivity and the history of science." Library Journal


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780199766413
  • Publisher: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Publisher Imprint: Oxford University Press Inc
  • Height: 217 mm
  • No of Pages: 280
  • Spine Width: 21 mm
  • Weight: 494 gr
  • ISBN-10: 019976641X
  • Publisher Date: 27 Oct 2011
  • Binding: Hardback
  • Language: English
  • Returnable: N
  • Sub Title: A History of a Mysterious Science
  • Width: 148 mm


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