Encyclopedia of Aesthetics

The second edition of the Encyclopedia of Aesthetics is an unparalleled reference resource that surveys the full breadth of critical thought on art, culture, and nature, from classical philosophy to contemporary critical theory. The four-volume first edition, published in 1998, effected a revival of aesthetics that created a receptive context for the contemporary importance of the field. Spanning six volumes and 815 articles, the new edition of the Encyclopedia has been updated and expanded to reflect the rapidly evolving character of the discipline. Renowned contributors from diverse fields provide analyses of the major artists, movements, and theories that continue to inform scholarly research on aesthetics. The updated Encyclopedia of Aesthetics contains 250 new entries that incorporate innovative fields of inquiry, such as animal aesthetics and diaspora criticism, as well as significant new developments in art, including digital media and street art. Additionally, the second edition offers enhanced coverage of non-Western cultural areas and related issues, such as post-colonialism, globalization, and primitivism. In so doing, it extends the scope of critical aesthetics, seeking to create a more open environment for aesthetics in academia, culture, and art. With bibliographic references and images, the Encyclopedia of Aesthetics is an essential work that is of use to artists, scholars, students, and all others interested in art-from painting and sculpture to literature, music, theater, film, and more.

Table of Contents:
Abhinavagupta Abject Abstract Expressionism Abstraction Philosophical Perspective Contemporary Perspective Acoustics Addison, Joseph Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund Survey of Thought Adorno's Dialectic of Appearance Adorno and Mimesis Adorno's Philosophy of Music Adorno and Kant Aestheticism Overview Philosophical Critique African Aesthetics Agamben, Giorgio Alberti, Leon Battista Aleatoric Processes Alembert, Jean Le Rond d' Alienation, Aesthetic Alison, Archibald Allegory Animal Aesthetics Animism Anthropology Anti-Aesthetic Anti-Art Appreciation Appropriation Overview Appropriation Art and Copyright Law Aquinas, Thomas Arab Aesthetics Architecture Early Greek Aesthetics Medieval Architecture Italian Renaissance Aesthetics Enlightenment Architecture Modern Overview Modernism to Postmodernism Computer-Assisted Design Architecture and Collectivity Arendt, Hannah Aristotle Survey of Thought Aristotle on Mimesis Aristotle on Form and Unity Reception of Aristotle in Antiquity Reception of Aristotle in Modernity Arnheim, Rudolf Survey of Thought Dynamics of Art Arnold, Matthew Art for Art's Sake Artifact Artificial Intelligence Artist History of the Concept of the Artist Sociology of the Artist Art Market Art World Assyro-Babylonian Aesthetics Attitude Aesthetic Attitude Pictorial Attitude Auerbach, Erich Augmented Reality Augustine Authenticity Author Autonomy Overview Critique of Autonomy Autonomy and Its Feminist Critics Autonomy and Architecture Avant-Garde Bachelard, Gaston Badiou, Alain Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovich Baroque Aesthetics Barthes, Roland Overview Photography Bataille, Georges Baudelaire, Charles Survey of Thought Baudelaire and Art Baudrillard, Jean Bauhaus Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb Baxandall, Michael Bazin, André Bearden, Romare Beardsley, Monroe C. Beattie, James Beauty Overview Classical Concepts Medieval Concepts Beauty and Love Beckett, Samuel Bell, Arthur Clive Howard Benjamin, Walter Survey of Thought Benjamin and Surrealism Benjamin's Writing Style Berenson, Bernard Bergson, Henri-Louis Berkeley, George Beuys, Joseph Black Aesthetics Overview Black Aesthetics and the Black Arts Movement Black Mountain College Blair, Hugh Blanchot, Maurice Bloch, Ernst Bloomsbury Group Blumenberg, Hans Body Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas Borges, Jorge Luis Bosanquet, Bernard Bötticher, Karl Gottlieb Wilhelm Boulez, Pierre Bourdieu, Pierre Survey of Thought Artistic Field Bourgeois, Louise Brecht, Bertolt Breton, André Buddhist Aesthetics Bullough, Edward Burckhardt, Jacob Burke, Edmund Byzantine Aesthetics Cage, John Camp Canon Overview Whither the Art Historical Canon? Caribbean Aesthetics Caricature Cartography Cassirer, Ernst Cavell, Stanley Survey of Thought Cavell and Film Children's Art Chinese Aesthetics Overview Painting Theory and Criticism Aesthetics in Contemporary China Cixous, Hélène Classicism Cochin, Charles-Nicolas Cognitive Science Coleridge, Samuel Taylor Collage Overview Collage and Poetry "The Pasted-Paper Revolution" Revisited Collectivism Collingwood, Robin George Color Color in the Arts Color Science Comedy Comics Commodity Comparative Aesthetics Computer Art Computing, Aesthetic Conceptual Art Overview History of the Unformed Images and Desire Conceptual Art and Philosophy Conceptualism Overview Latin American Conceptualism Moscow Conceptualism Condillac, Ètienne Bonnot de Constructivism Contemporary Art Postmodern Transformation of Art Aesthetics of Contemporary Art Ontology Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish Cooper, Anthony Ashley Copyright Cousin, Victor Craft Craig, Edward Gordon Creativity Overview Explaining Creativity Psychological and Psychiatric Investigation Criticism Ancient Criticism Art Criticism Cultural Criticism Dance Criticism Literary Criticism Formalism in Art Criticism Croce, Benedetto Cubism Cultural Studies Cunningham, Merce Curating Overview New Media Intercultural Curating Cyberspace Dadaism Dahlhaus, Carl Damisch, Hubert Dance Overview Contemporary Thought Dance Studies Authenticity in Dance Dance and Film Contemporary Dance Da??in Danto, Arthur Coleman Survey of Thought Danto's End of Art Thesis Daoist Aesthetics Data Visualization Death Decadence Decolonizing Aesthetics Decorative Arts Definition of Art Delacroix, Ferdinand-Victor-Eugène Deleuze, Gilles Overview Deleuze and Film Depiction Depression Derrida, Jacques Survey of Thought Derrida and Deconstruction Derrida and Literature Derrida and Kant Design Overview History and Theory Destruction of Art Dewey, John Survey of Thought Theory of Expression Experience and the Organic Unity of Artworks Dewey and Art Dialogical Art Diaspora Criticism Dickie, George Diderot, Denis Survey of Thought Diderot and the Salon Difficulty, Aesthetics of Digital Media Digitization Dilthey, Wilhelm Disability Aesthetics Discourse Disgust Disinterestedness Drawing Dryden, John Du Bos, Jean-Baptiste Duchamp, Marcel Survey of Art En-Gendering of the Artistic Subject Dufrenne, Mikel Durand, Jean-Nicolas-Louis Eco, Umberto Eco-Art and Criticism Ecphrasis Education, Aesthetic Einstein, Carl Eisenstein, Sergei Mikhailovich Electronic Arts Electronic Music Visual Arts Embodiment Overview Embodied Interaction Emerson, Ralph Waldo Emotions Overview Emotions and Literature Empathy Empirical Aesthetics Environmental Aesthetics Overview Contemporary Epistemology Essentialism Overview Anti-Essentialism Ethnomusicology Evaluation Aesthetic Evaluation Cultural Evaluation Everyday Aesthetics Evolution Exhibition Experimentalism Music Film and Video Expressionism Expression Theory of Art Fanon, Frantz Farabi, Muhammad al- Fashion Dress in the World La Haute Couture Fashion as Art Fashion and Philosophy Fechner, Gustav Theodor Feeling Feminism Feminisms and Tradition Critique of Feminist Aesthetics Feminist Art History Fiction Overview Modern Literary Account of the Fictive Film Motion Pictures Visual Literacy Film and Documentary Film Noir Film Theory Film and Ideology Fluxus Folk Art Food Forgery Formalism Overview Formalism in Analytic Aesthetics Formalism as Art History Foucault, Michel French Aesthetics Eighteenth-Century French Aesthetics Contemporary Painting Theory Freud, Sigmund Survey of Thought Pathography Freud and Literature Freud and Music Fry, Roger Eliot Frye, Northrop Futurism Gadamer, Hans-Georg Survey of Thought Gadamer and Aesthetics Gadamer and the Truth of Art Gardens Overview Gardens as Art Gay Aesthetics Gaze Gell, Alfred Genius Overview Genius and Feminism Gentile, Giovanni Geoaesthetics Geography Gerard, Alexander Gesamtkunstwerk Giedion, Sigfried Gift Glass Glass Art Aesthetics of Glass Globalization Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von Gombrich, Ernst Hans Josef Goodman, Nelson Survey of Thought Art in Action Contemporary Legacy Gothic Aesthetics Gottsched, Johann Christoph Gramsci, Antonio Graphic Design Graphic Novel Greenberg, Clement Grotesque Guattari, Félix Gurney, Edmund Habermas, Jürgen Habit Haiku Hamann, Johann Georg Hanslick, Eduard Haptic Aesthetics Harlem Renaissance Hauser, Arnold Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Survey of Thought Hegel on the Historicity of Art Hegel's Conception of the End of Art Heidegger, Martin Survey of Thought "The Origin of the Work of Art" and Its Legacy Heidegger's Confrontation with Aesthetics Heidegger's Displacement of the Concept of Art Philosophical Heritage in Heidegger's Concept of Art Heidegger and Hölderlin Hellenistic Aesthetics Visual Arts Philosophers and Literary Critics Helmholtz, Hermann von Herder, Johann Gottfried Hermeneutics Herz, Marcus Heydenreich, Karl Heinrich Historicism Historicism and Philosophy New Historicism in Literary Theory Historicism in Art History Historicism and Architecture Hogarth, William Hölderlin, Johann Christian Friedrich Holocaust Home, Henry Hübsch, Heinrich Hume, David Survey of Thought "Of the Standard of Taste" Theory of Beauty Humor Husserl, Edmund Gustav Albrecht Hutcheson, Francis Hypertext Ibn Rushd Ibn Sina Icon Iconoclasm Iconoclasm and Iconophobia Iconoclasm in Early Modern Britain and Colonial New England Iconography and Iconology Ideas, Aesthetic Ideology Imagery Visual Imagery in Reading Reading Images Image Theory Imagination The Imaginary Contemporary Thought Phenomenological Accounts Impressionism Improvisation Overview Jazz Improvisation Experimental Music Indian Aesthetics Overview Indian Theories of Interpretation Indifference Indigenous Aesthetics Ineffability Information Theory Ingarden, Roman Witold Insane, Art of the Installation Art Institutional Theory of Art Intention Overview Intentional Fallacy Interpretation Interpretation in Art Analytic Interpretation Social Space of Interpretation Irigaray, Luce Irony Isenberg, Arnold Islamic Aesthetics Overview Islamic Music Visual Experience in Islamic Culture Modern and Contemporary Architecture in West Asia and North Africa Islamic Art History Jameson, Fredric Japanese Aesthetics Overview Kire and Iki Jazz Jokes Judd, Donald Kahn, Louis Isadore Kandinsky, Wassily Kant, Immanuel Survey of Thought Kant on Beauty Kant on the Sublime Kant on Nature and Art History of Kantian Aesthetics Kant and Art History Kant and Hermeneutics Feminism and Kantian Aesthetics Kant, Duchamp, and Judgment Katharsis Kierkegaard, Søren Aabye Kinaesthesia Kitsch Klein, Melanie Knight, Richard Payne König, Johann Ulrich von Kracauer, Siegfried Kristeva, Julia Lacan, Jacques Marie Survey of Thought Visual and Literary Arts Landscape Landscape from the Ancients to the Seventeenth Century Landscape from the Eighteenth Century to the Present Landscape Architecture Landscape Assessment Langer, Susanne Knauth Latin American Aesthetics Latin American Aesthetics and Modernity Twentieth-Century Latin American Aesthetics Contemporary Latin American Aesthetics Contemporary Cuban Aesthetics Lavater, Johann Caspar Law and Art Overview Cultural Property Government-Funded Art and the First Amendment Censorship Trademarks and Art Law and Literature Aesthetic Judgment in Law Intellectual Property Leavis, Frank Raymond Le Corbusier Lee, Vernon Leonardo da Vinci Lesbian Aesthetics Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim Levinas, Emmanuel Literature Literary Aesthetics What is Literature? Literature and Cognition Locke, Alain Leroy Longinus Lotze, Rudolph Hermann Luhmann, Niklas Lukács, György Lyotard, Jean-François Magic Mallarmé, Stéphane Malraux, André Mannheim, Karl Marcuse, Herbert Margolis, Joseph Marin, Louis Maritain, Jacques Marx, Karl Heinrich Marxism Overview Marxism and Materialism Masculinity Mass Art Mathematics Mattheson, Johann McLuhan, Marshall Meaning Medieval Aesthetics Medium Meier, Georg Friedrich Melancholy Mendelssohn, Moses Merleau-Ponty, Maurice Overview Contemporary Art Meta-Aesthetics Metaphor Overview Metaphor and Philosophy of Language Metaphor and Nonverbal Arts Metaphor and Art History Derrida and de Man on Metaphor Metaphor in Criticism and Aesthetic Description Metonymy Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig Migratory Aesthetics Mimesis Minimal Art Models, Artists' Modernism Overview Modernity and Tradition in Architecture Modern Music Modern Dance Modern Literature Africa China India Mondrian, Piet Monuments Overview Twentieth-Century Countermonuments Morality Moral Rights of Art Overview Moral Rights Laws Moritz, Karl Philipp Morris, William Multimedia Museums Museums and Aesthetics Museology Sociological Perspectives on Museums Music Musil, Robert Nancy, Jean-Luc Narrative Internal Narratives of Art History Narrative and the Visual and Literary Arts National Endowment for the Arts Overview Controversies Nature Nature and Artistic Creation Japanese Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature Contemporary Thought Negritude Neuroaesthetics Neuroscience Art New Criticism Newman, Barnett Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm Survey of Thought Nietzcsche, Schopenhauer, and Disinterestedness Nietzsche's Literary Style Nietzsche and Visuality Nietzsche on Tragedy Noise Notation Musical Notation Dance Notation Novalis Novel Obscenity Aesthetics in Obscenity Law Obscenity in Art Ontology of Art Historical Ontology Analytic Ontology Ontology of Dance Ontology of Architecture Opera Originality Originality in the Visual Arts Originality in Literature Origins of Aesthetics Overview History of Aisth?sis Theological Origins of Aesthetics Ornament Outsider Art Panofsky, Erwin Pareyson, Luigi Parody Participatory Art Pastiche Pater, Walter Horatio Paul, Jean Peirce, Charles Sanders Pepper, Stephen Perception Aesthetics of Perception Picture Perception Music Perception Performance Performance Art Overview Feminist Performance Art Performativity Personification of Art Perspective Overview Psychology of Perspective Phenomenology Photography Overview Daguerreotype Photography and Technology Catachresis Chance Documentary Photography Picasso, Pablo Picturesque Piles, Roger de Plato Plato and the Arts Plato on Mim?sis Plato's Use of Poetry Plato on the Effects of Art Plato and Modern Aesthetics Play Pleasure Plotinus Poetics Overview Avant-Garde Poetry Politics Overview Politicized Art Aestheticized Politics AIDS, Aesthetics, and Activism Pop Art Pope, Alexander Popular Culture Pornography Portraiture History Contemporary Portraiture Postcolonialism Postdramatic Theater Postmodernism Overview Postmodern Dance Postmodern American Poetry Poststructuralism Poussin, Nicolas Poverty Pragmatism Prague School Pre-Columbian Aesthetics Preservation Pretty Price, Uvedale Priestley, Joseph Primitivism Proust, Marcel Psychology of Art Public Art Qualities, Aesthetic Race Rancière, Jaques Raphael, Max Rasa Realism Realism and Aesthetics Pictorial Realism Reception Aesthetics Reid, Thomas Reinhardt, Ad Relational Aesthetics Relativism Religion Overview Religion and Art Art of the Reformation Renaissance Italian Aesthetics Representation Reynolds, Joshua Rhetoric Overview Exemplarity Richards, Ivor Armstrong Ricoeur, Paul Riegl, Alois Ritual Robotics Rock Music Roman Aesthetics Romanticism Philosophy and Literature Visual Arts Music Rossetti, Dante Gabriel Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Ruins Ruskin, John Russian Aesthetics Religious Aesthetics Russian Formalism Socialist Realism Sanskrit Aesthetics Santayana, George Sartre, Jean-Paul Schaeffer, Pierre Henri Marie Schapiro, Meyer Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schenker, Heinrich Schiller, Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schinkel, Karl Friedrich Schlegel, August Wilhelm von Schlegel, Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schmarsow, August Schoenberg, Arnold Franz Walter Schopenhauer, Arthur Survey of Thought Tragedy and the Sublime Science Overview Contemporary Thought Sculpture Overview Classical Sculpture Modern Sculpture Sculpture since 1960 Semiotics Semiotics as a Theory of Art Semiology of Music Semiotics and Architecture Semper, Gottfried Sensation Sensibilité Sentimental Sexuality Shelley, Percy Sibley, Frank Sidney, Philip Silence Simmel, Georg Situationist Aesthetics Smith, Adam Smithson, Robert Sociology of Art Solger, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Sontag, Susan Sorel, Charles Sound Sound Art Spectacle Sports Stein, Gertrude Steinberg, Leo Stokes, Adrian Durham Stravinsky, Igor Fedorovich Street Art and Graffiti Structuralism Style Sublime The Sublime from Longinus to Montesquieu The Sublime from Burke to the Present Feminine Sublime Sublime and the Visual Arts Suger Sulzer, Johann Georg Suprematism Surrealism Surrealism and the Visual Arts Surrealism and Literature Sustainability Symbolism French Symbolism Russian Symbolism Synaesthesia Systems Theory Taine, Hippolyte Adolphe Taste Early History Modern and Recent History Television Text Textile Theater Theological Aesthetics Theories of Art Theory, History of Thing Tolstoy, Leo Nikolaevich Tragedy Greek Tragedy Freud on Tragedy Modern and Contemporary Tragedy Transdisciplinary Aesthetics Trauma Trilling, Lionel Truth Ugliness Unconscious Universals Utopia Ut Pictura Poesis Valéry, Ambroise-Paul-Toussaint-Jules Value Vasari, Giorgio Venturi, Robert, and Denise Scott Brown Vico, Giovanni Battista Video Video Games Virtual Reality Visual Culture Visual Studies Wackenroder, Wilhelm Heinrich Wagner, Richard Walton, Kendall War Warburg, Aby Moritz Warhol, Andy Wartofsky, Marx W. Weitz, Morris Wilde, Oscar Williams, Raymond Winckelmann, Johann Joachim Wine Winnicott, Donald Woods Wittgenstein, Ludwig Josef Johann Survey of Thought Reception of Wittgenstein Wittgenstein and Literary Theory Wittkower, Rudolf Wölfflin, Heinrich Wollheim, Richard Wordsworth, William World Art Worringer, Wilhelm Wright, Frank Lloyd

About the Author :
Michael Kelly is Professor of Philosophy at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He previously taught at Columbia University, while the managing editor of the Journal of Philosophy, and was also Executive Director of the American Philosophical Association. Kelly is also the author of A Hunger for Aesthetics: Enacting the Demands of Art (Columbia University Press, 2012) and Iconoclasm in Aesthetics (Cambridge University Press, 2003).

Review :
"Kelly's second edition attempts to make these happier times for aesthetics, in all its senses, surveyable. It contains 815 articles (the first edition contained 600) by an impressive range of contributors, typically 3,000-4,000 words apiece and made available online through the Oxford University Press reference engineELThe coverage of historical figures is also markedly widened, and the list of contemporary aestheticians has been brought up to date." --Times Literary Supplement "...The second edition, also with editor Kelly (Univ. of North Carolina at Charlotte), has been revised, expanded, and improved. Its 815 entries, some 250 of which are entirely new, consume 2.9 million words. New entries cover research in science and computing and new artists and movements and give increased attention to non-Western cultural areas...Based on the Greek word aesthesis, meaning "perception or sensation," this rich resource is to be savored one article at a time." --Library Journal "This second edition is positively "essential." The second edition fully realizes the "open work" (in Eco's sense) that the first edition aspired to be: a whole that can be given determinate form in a number of different ways...Graphics and images, all black and white, are used sparingly but effectively. As befits a work on this subject, the paper quality, typeface, binding, and layout are all first-rate and aesthetically appealing. This set is a necessary addition for every undergraduate and graduate library serving a liberal arts program. There is truly nothing comparable. Summing Up: Essential. Lower-division undergraduates and above; general readers." --Choice "This outstanding work offers depth and breadth, exploring thoroughly the core issues of aesthetics and offering informative overviews of related fields....A unique work of splendid scholarship, readable and reliable, highly recommended for the collection of any library serving a liberal arts program, undergraduate or graduate level."--Choice " . . . a rare achievement . . . clearly the [Encyclopedia] will be the standard of reference for the foreseeable future."-- International Philosophical Quarterly "This is the first comprehensive reference source available in an area that concerns several academic disciplines...authoritative and accessible, providing scholars and students, practicing artists, and social scientists with an illuminating guide to historical and contemporary scholarship."--Library Journal "Will become an immediate reference classic . . . an essential purchase for academic libraries, arts and humanities collections, and larger public libraries."--RBB/Booklist "It is a magnificent achievement and deserves a very wide readership."--Journal of Philosophy "The quality and unique focus of the Encyclopedia of Aesthetics make is a valuable completment to other reference sources in the humanities. It is highly recommended . . ."--Art Documentation "A unique work of splendid scholarship . . . highly recommended for any library serving a liberal arts program."--Choice "This encyclopedia fills a notorious lacuna in Anglo-American scholarship . . . and arguably will be the primary resource of its kind well into the next century."--Harvard Review