Transcending Racial Barriers: Toward a Mutual Obligations Approach

Despite some progress over the past few decades against racial inequalities and race relations, American society continues to produce racial attitudes and institutional discrimination that reinforce the racial divide. Activists and scholars have long argued over the best way to end racial division and solutions tend to fall into two main categories: those who argue that whites bear more responsibility for ending racial inequality through reparations and affirmative action, and those who argue that the responsibility ultimately resides with non-whites who support colorblindness and conformity to mainstream values and culture. To show why these solutions won't work, Emerson and Yancey first offer a historical overview of racism in American society. They document the move from white supremacy to institutional racism, and then briefly look at modern efforts to overcome the racialized nature of our society. The authors argue that both progressive and conservative approaches have failed, as they continually fall victim to forces of ethnocentrism and group interest. Through ethnocentrism, it is unlikely that whites or people of color are willing to consider the needs and concerns of other racial groups. This leads to actions shaped by a desire to promote group interests whereby majority group members promote philosophies that support a racial status quo that works to their advantage, while minority groups encourage any proactive remedy for racial justice. And both groups pursue these interests regardless of the outcome for others, making it impossible to find solutions that work for everyone. Emerson and Yancey then move on to explore group interest in more depth and possible ways to account for the perspectives of both majority and minority group members. They look to multiracial congregations, multiracial families, the military, and sports teams-all situations in which group interests have been overcome before. In each context they find the development of a core set of values that binds together different racial groups along with the flexibility to express racially-based cultural uniqueness that does not conflict with this "critical core." These elements form the basis of their mutual obligations approach which calls for a careful definition of the racial problem, the identification of a critical core, recognition of cultural differences, and solutions that take account of the concerns of other racial groups. Though Transcending Racial Barriers offers a balanced approach towards dealing with racial alienation, it is a bold step forward in the debate about what sort of public policies can overcome the ethnocentrism inherent in so much of the racism we suffer from.

Table of Contents:
Part One: Where We Are 1. Introduction 2. How Did We Get Here? 3. Dealing with Racism--Moving Beyond the Past 4. Dealing with Racism-Looking for Justice 5. Why We Have Failed Part Two: A Path Forward 6. Listening to Each Other 7. Dealing with Group Interest 8. The Critical Core 9. Cultural Uniqueness 10. Racial Solutions for A New Society

About the Author :
Michael O. Emerson is Allyn R. & Gladys M. Cline Professor of Sociology and Founding Director of Center on Race, Religion, and Urban Life at Rice University. He is the co-author of ten books, including Divided by Faith, United By Faith and Passing the Plate. George Yancey is Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of North Texas, and the author of such books as Interracial Families, Interracial Contact and Social Change, Who is White?, and United by Faith.

Review :
"Transcending Racial Barriers is a gem. In the book, Emerson and Yancey advance a 'mutual obligations approach' as the philosophy and praxis needed to help Americans get over their racial nightmare. They pull no punches and ask all the tough questions on racial matters, and they do so from all sides of the racial aisles. Accordingly, this book should stimulate both friendly dialogue as well as intense debate."--Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Professor of Sociology, Duke University, and author of Racism without Racists "We need scholars publishing books that demand to be debated, discussed, and digested collectively. Transcending Racial Barriers is one of these books. The originality here is the authors' willingness to rephrase, repackage, and restate in clear and critical ways the dominant modes of thinking about race and racism. This book has the potential to reset the ways that interracial discussions about racial phenomena can take place."--David L. Brunsma, Professor of Sociology and Black Studies, University of Missouri "There is much to appreciate in yet another fine work by Emerson and Yancey. They do an admirable job of capturing the arguments of the competing voices in a concise and empathetic manner...this is a highly commendable book. Given the broadly relevant topic, high readability, and good quality of work buttressed by a solid bibliography, the book is widely usable for college students to scholars interested in racial reconciliation."--Missiology