Utility and Democracy: The Political Thought of Jeremy Bentham

Utility and Democracy is the first comprehensive historical account of the political thought of Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832), the philosopher and reformer. Philip Schofield draws on his extensive knowledge of Bentham's unpublished manuscripts and original printed texts, and on the new, authoritative edition of The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham . A compelling narrative charts the way in which Bentham applied his utilitarian philosophy to the rapidly changing circumstances of his age. Schofield begins with a lucid account of Bentham's insights in the fields of logic and language, and in particular his theory of real and fictitious entities, which lie at the foundation of his thought. He proceeds to show how these insights brought Bentham to the principle of utility, which led him in turn to produce the first systematic defence of democracy from a utilitarian perspective. In contrast to previous scholarship, which claims that Bentham's 'conversion' or 'transition' to political radicalism took place either at the time of the French Revolution or following his meeting with James Mill in 1808 or 1809, Professor Schofield shows that the process began in or around 1804 when the notion of sinister interest emerged in Bentham's thought. Bentham appreciated that rulers, rather than being motivated by a desire to promote the greatest happiness of those subject to them, aimed to promote their own happiness, whatever the overall cost to the community. In his constitutional writings of the 1820s, which he addressed to 'all nations professing liberal opinions', Bentham argued that the proper end of constitutional design was to maximize official aptitude and minimize government expense, and that the publicity of official actions, within the context of a republican system of government where sovereignty lay in the people, was the means to achieve it. Bentham's commitment to radical reform led him to advocate the abolition of the British monarchy and House of Lords, the replacement of the Common Law with a codified system of law, and the 'euthanasia' of the Anglican Church.

Table of Contents:
1: Real and Fictitious Entities 2: The Principle of Utility 3: Natural Law and Natural Rights 4: The French Revolution 5: The Emergence of Sinister Interest 6: Parliamentary Reform 7: The Church 8: Colonies and Constitutional Law 9: Codification, Constitutional Law, and Republicanism 10: Publicity, Responsibility, and the Architecture of Government 11: The Antidote to Sinister Interest: Official Aptitude 12: The Politics of Law Reform 13: Last Things Bibliography Index

Review :
`Review from previous edition '...anyone who wants to understand Bentham's evolution into radical democrat must now start with this thorough study.' ' William Thomas, English Historical Review `Utility and Democracy is in a class by itself, demonstrating a complete command of the subject, and bringing twenty years of careful research to vivid life. Schofield brilliantly unpacks the development of Bentham's thought across a wide range of topics, from his famous principle of utility to his views on constitutional and parliamentary reform in a true tour de force. Schofield's Utility and Democracy will undoubtedly be the leading work on the subject for some years to come.' ' ' Political Studies Association, WJM Mackenzie Book Prize Panel 2006 `Professor Schofield's volume spans Bentham's notoriously long and full writing career, giving a vivid account of the work of young projector and old Radical alike. Anyone who wants to know Bentham better (and we all have a lot yet to lear) should ready this book.' Stephen G. Engelmann, Utilitas